chap 9 muscles
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| during muscle contration, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites? | actin filaments
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| which of the following is not a usual result of resistance exercise? | increase in the number of muscle cells
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| the strongest muscle contrations are normall achieved by____ | increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus
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| smooth muscle is characterized by all of the following except___ | there are more thick filaments than thin filaments
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| muslce tone is____ | a state of sustained partial contraction
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| the giant protein titin maintains the organization of the ___ assisting in muscle stretching | a band
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| which of the following is not a role of ionic calcium in muscle contration? | activates epinephrine released from adrenal gland
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| the sliding filament model of contration involves____ | actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping
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| the main effect of the warm up period of athletes as the muscle contrations increase in stregth is to___ | enhance the availability of calcium and the efficency of enzyme systems
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| which of the following surronds the individual muscle cell? | endomysium
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| whena muscle is unable to respond to stimuli temporarily it is in which of the following periods? | refractory period
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| what is the role of calcium ions in muscle contration? | bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition
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| what structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storgae? | sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| rigor morrtis occurs because____ | no atp is avaliable to release attaced actin and myosin molecules
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| which of the following is not a way muscle contrations can be graded? | changing the type of muscle fibers involved in the contration
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| creatine phospate functions in the muscle cell by____ | storing energy that will be transferred to adp to resynthesize atp
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| what part of the sacrolemma contains acetylcholine receptors? | motor end plate
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| which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions? | motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from sr, atp drven power stroke, sliding myofilaments
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| what is the role of tropmyosin in skeletal muscles? | tropomyosin serves as a contration inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on teh actin molecules
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| which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate? | smooth
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| what is the functional unit of skeletal muscle called? | a carcomere
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| smooth muscles that act like skeletal muscles but are controlled by the autonomic nerves and hormones are | multiunit muscles
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| muslce tissue has all of the following properties except____ | secretion
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| during vigorous exercise there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid fro energy. as a result the pyruvic acid is converted to___ | lactic acid
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| immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the___period during which the vents of excitation contraction coupling occur | latent
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| which of the following are composed of myosin | thick filaments
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| the warm up period required of athletes in order to bring their muscles to peak performance is called____ | treppe
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| fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of | intense exercise of short duration
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| what is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue? | the ability to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy
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| the muscle cell membrane is called the | sarcolemma
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| the mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle in taht ____ | the site of calcium reguation differs
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| hypothetically if a muscle were stretched to the point where thick and thin filaments no longer overlapped, ___ | no muscle tension could be generated
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| which of the following statments is true | striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei
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| which of the choices below does not descrive how recovery oxygen uptake restores metabolic conditions? | increases the level of lactic acid in the muscle
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| the contratile units of skeletal muscles are | myofibrils
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| which of the following is a factor taht affects the velocity and duartion of muscle contration | load on the fiber
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| which of the following statmetns is most accurate | muscle tension remains relatively constant during iso tonic contration
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| the term aponeruosis refers to___ | a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element
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| after nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stiulate contrations | acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh
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| myglobin___ | stores oxygen in muscles cells
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| excitation contration coupling requires which of the following substances? | ca2 and atp
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| what is the functional role of the t tubules? | enhance cellular communication during muscle contraction
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| which of the following describes the cells of single unit visceral muscle? | they exhibit spontaneous action potentials
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| which of the following is true about smooth muscle contraction? | certain smooth muscle cells can actually divide to increase their numbers
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| which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contratile strength increses | motor units with alrger less excitable neurons
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| what controls the force of muscle contraction? | multimotor unit summation
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| which of the following staments is false or incorect? | caridac muscle fibers depend mostly on anaerobic cellular respiration to generate atp
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| the oxygen biding protein found in muscle cells is____ | myoglobin
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| what produces the striations of skeletal muscle cell? | the arrangement of myofilaments
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| in an isotonic the muscle___ | changes in lenth and moves the "load"
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| an anerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net atp per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is___ | glycolysis
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| the major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contration is to___ | regulate intracellular calcium concentration
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| three discrete types of muscle fivers are identified on the basis of their size, speed and endurance which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of red fibers | a long relaxing swim
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| of the following muscle types which has only one nucleus no sarcomeres and rare gap junctions | multiunit smooth muscle
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| most skeletal muscle contain | a mixture of fiber types
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| what does oxygen deficit represent? | the difference bewtween the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used.
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