Atomic number
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| Atomic Number | The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.
Sometimes given the symbol Z.
On the periodic table Z is the uppermost number in each element’s box.
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| Moseley | realized that the atomic number determines the element.
The elements differ from each other by the number of protons in the nucleus.
The number of electrons in a neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number
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| Neutrons and James Chadwick | analyzed the results of -particle scattering on thin Be films.
Chadwick recognized existence of massive neutral particles which he called neutrons.
Chadwick discovered the neutron.
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| Mass Number | Mass number is given the symbol A.
A is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
Z = proton number N = neutron number
A = Z + N
A common symbolism used to show mass and proton numbers is (nuclide symbol)
AZC A-Z=number of neutrons
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| Isotopes | are atoms of the same element but with different neutron numbers.
Isotopes have different masses and A values but are the same element.
Example of an isotopic series is the hydrogen or oxygen isotopes.
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| Moseley stated | each element differs from the preceding element by having one more positive charge in its nucleus
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| Chadwick | atoms consist of very small, very dense nuclei surrounded by clouds of electrons at relatively great distances from the nuclei. All nuclei contain protons; nuclei of all atoms except the common form of hydrogen also contain neutrons
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| Isotopes | are atoms of the same element with different masses; they are atoms containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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| Mass number | # of protons + # of neutrons
atomic number + neutron number
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