Biochemistry
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| Carbohydrates | formula (CH20)n. They are the major form of stored energy in organisms.
Most abundant class of organic molecules found in nature.
single most abundant class of organic molecules found in nature.
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| glycoconjugates | important components of cell walls and extracellular structures in plants, animals and bacteria.
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| Carbohydrates features | -Existence of at least one and often or more asymmetric centers.
-Ability to exist either in linear or ring structures.
-Capacity to form polymeric structures via glycosidic bonds.
-Potential to form multiple H bonds.
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| Carbohydrates classified in 3 groups | -Monosaccharides
-Oligosaccharides.
-Polysaccharides
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| D configuration | if the hydroxyl group on the highest numbered asymmetric C is drawn to the right in a Fischer projection)
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| D or L | refer to the configuration of the highest numbered asymmetric carbon (the asymmetric C farther from the Carbonyl C)
D and L form of a monosaccharide are mirror images of each other.
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| Enantiomer | The stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other.
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| Diastereomers | pairs of isomers that have opposite configuration at one or more of the chiral centers but that are not mirror images of each other.
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| Epimers | Two sugars that differ in configuration at only on chiral center.
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| hemiacetals | forming from reaction of alcohols and aldehydes.
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| hemiketals | forming from reaction of alcohols and ketones
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| anomers | Isomers of monosaccharides that differ only in their configuraion about the C atom that carried the Carbonyl function becomes an asymmetric C atom.
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