BIO 377 Carla #1
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| In chemical communication between cells, a _____ cell secretes a chemical messenger that binds to ____ on the ____ cell. | secretory
Receptors
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| Direct communication between cells in contact with one another is accomplished through | gap junctions
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| Which is the most general type of chemical messenger that is released form one cell and binds to receptors on neighboring cells? | paracrine
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| Which type of chemical messenger, when released, binds to receptors on the cell that released the chemical messenger? | autocrine
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| Which type of chemical messenger is released into the bloodstream by an endocrine gland where it can affect target cells throughout the body? | hormone
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| Which type of chemical messenger is released from the axon terminal of a neuron and directly stimulates other cells? | neurotransmitter
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| Communication across a synapse is initiated by the release of a neurotransmitter from ____ region of the neuron | axon terminal
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| Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), which is released from the posterior pituitary, is an example of this type of chemical messenger | neurohormone
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| Interlukins and interferons are examples of _____ released form white blood cells | cytokine
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| Which of the following classes of chemical messengers moves to the target cell by diffusion? paracrine hromone neurotransmitter both paracrine and neurotransmitter all of these | both paracrine and neurotransmitter
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| Which of the following classes of chemical messengers travels in the bloodstream to the target cell paracrine hormone neurotransmitter both paracrine and hormone all of these | hormone
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| Which of the following chemical messengers is lipophilic | prostaglandin
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| Histamine acts as a(n) ___ in inflammation | paracrine
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| Which of the following chemical messengers is not derived from an amino acid? a. epinephrine b. testosterone c. histamine d. thyroid hormones e. both testosterone and thyroid hormones | testosterone
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| For which of the following chemical classes do all the messengers function as hormones? | steroids
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| Release of which of the following classes of chemical messengers occurs by exocytosis? | catecholamines
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| catecholamines are derived from what amino acid | tryosine
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| thyroid hormones are synthesized from what amino acid | tryosine
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| which of the following classes of chemical messengers is stored in secretory vesicle | both catecholamines and peptides/proteins
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| one a steroid is synthesized, it is _______. | immediately capable of diffusing across a membrane
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| where in the cell are peptide/protein messengers packaged into secretory vesicles | golgi apparatus
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| an equilibrium exists between a hormone that is bound to a carrier protein and a free hormone such that, as the amount of free hormone increases, ____. | more free hormone will become bound to carrier proteins
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| Hormones that are dissolved in blood typically exhibit a half-life on the order of ____, whereas hormones that are bound to carrier proteins can remain undegraded for_____. | minutes : hours
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| The adrenergic receptor has the greatest affinity for____. | epinephrine and norepinephrine equally
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| chronic exposure to a ligand (messenger) ____ the receptor population for tthat chemical messenger on the target cell | downregulates
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| Lipophilic hormones are transported in blood _____ and bind to receptors located _____. | bound to carrier proteins proteins : inside the target cell
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| a molecule that is similar in structure to a ligand (messenger and binds with that ligand's receptor to stimulate a response from the target cell is called a(n) _____. | agonist
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| the affinity of a receptor for its ligand is a measure of | the strength of binding between ligand and receptor
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