| Question | Answer |
| Types of CTP is determined by | 1. Ratio of cells to fibers
2. Density of Interstitial Matrix |
| AKA for loose CTP | Areolar |
| CTP where fibers are present & visible | Elastic |
| CTP type Only viewed with silver nitrate stain | Reticular |
| CTP type that is most numerous + visible in all directions | Collagen |
| Three types of fixed cells + function | 1. Fibrocytes: produce pus-like matrix
2. Adipose: bound by reticular fibers
3. Histiocytes (Macrophages): Phagocytosis |
| Two Types of loose CTP cells | 1. Fixed
2. Wandering |
| AKA for Wandering Cells | Mast Cells |
| 3 Types of wandering cells | 1. Histamine: vaso-dilation
2. Heparin: Anti coagulant
3. Serotonin: Vaso-constriction |
| Function of Wandering cells | short term effects, tissue damage or infection |
| Where do wandering cells exist | 1. WBC
2. Plasma |
| 3 locations where for wandering & fixed cells (LCTP) | 1. Mesentaries
2. Omenta
3. Hypodermis |
| How does Dense CTP compare to Loose CTP? | Dense = higher concentration of fibers |
| Dense Regular Function + location | Tensile Strength
1. Tendons & Ligaments |
| Dense Irregular is found in: | Dermis |
| Dense Irregular looks like | Spaghetti with raisins |
| Dense Regular looks like | thin purple streaks |
| 4 Types of CTP with special properties | 1. Yellow Elastic CTP
2. Adipose CTP
3. Mucoid CTP
4. Reticular CTP |
| Greatest in number
(CTP with special properties) | Yellow Elastic |
| Branching Pattern
(CTP with special properties) | Reticular |
| No Fibrocytes visible
(CTP with special properties) | Reticular |
| Function in energy stroage + production
(CTP with special properties) | Adipose |
| Wharten's Jelly
(CTP with special properties) | Mucoid |
| Dark fibers stained with silver nitrate, argyrophilic
(CTP with special properties) | Reticular |
| Cells look stretched out, unorganized chicken wire (raspberry jam smears)
(CTP with special properties) | Mucoid |
| Regularly arranged cells with boundaries of reticular fibers
(CTP with special properties) | Adipose |
| Found in ligamentum nuchae & flava
(CTP with special properties) | Yellow Elastin |
| Found in humor of the eye
(CTP with special properties) | Mucoid |
| Found in large Arteries
(CTP with special properties) | Yellow Elastin |
| Found in lymphatic system
(CTP with special properties) | Reticular |
| Found in branchi & trachea
(CTP with special properties) | Yellow Elastin |
| Red & white pulp cells, function in immunity
(CTP with special properties) | Reticular |
| Found in clitoris & penis
(CTP with special properties) | Yellow Elastin |
| Looks like chicken wire
(CTP with special properties) | Adipose |
| Pink Collagen fibers in background
(CTP with special properties) | Yellow Elastin |
| Found surrounding arteries and some veins
(CTP with special properties) | Yellow Elastin |
| Found everywhere except brain
(CTP with special properties) | Adipose |
| Sites for B & T lymphocytes
(CTP with special properties) | Reticular |
| Loses coloration at death
(CTP with special properties) | Yellow Elastin |
| What kind of matrix exists in cartilage? | gel-like |
| Two ways cartilage is different than other CT | 1. No nerves or BV
2. Gets nutrients via matrix |
| Three types of cartilage | 1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage |
| Isogenic is: | -Two or more chondroctyes in a group
-one temporary cartilage |
| Function is support & Flexibility
(Cartilage Types) | Elastin |
| Can't see collagen b/c not much & it's embedded in gel
(Cartilage Types) | Hylaine |
| Does not contain growth zones
(Cartilage Types) | Fibrocartilage |
| No Perichondrium
(Cartilage Types) | Fibrocartilage |
| Collagen fibers almost cover chondrocytes
(Cartilage Types) | Fibrocartilage |
| Trnsitional tissue b/t cartilage & CTP chondrocytes found in lacunae
(Cartilage Types) | Fibrocartilage |
| Only grows intersitially
(Cartilage Types) | fibrocartilage |
| Found in ear, epiglottis, eustachian tube, eu-nose
(Cartilage Types) | Elastin |
| Function is support only
(Cartilage Types) | Hyaline |
| Function is tough support + tensile strength
(Cartilage Types) | Fibrocartilage |
| Found in ventral ribs, tracheal rings, larynx, joint surfaces
(Cartilage Types) | Hyaline |
| Found in IVD, Pubic symphysis, tendon to bone attachment
(Cartilage Types) | Fibrocartilage |
| Christmas tree slide
(Cartilage Types) | Elastin |
| most common type of cartilage | hyaline |
| Two types of cartilage growth | 1. Appositional: layer, grows around interstitial
2. Interstital: grows in 4 directions |
| Perichondrium layer of cartilage is what type of growth? | Appositional |
| What type of cells is 1st line of defense? | Wandering cells |
| Type of CT offers: Mechanical Support | Elastic or reticular |
| Type of CT offers: Exchange of metabolites | blood, wandering cells |
| Type of CT offers: storage & energy reserves | adipose |
| Type of CT offers:protection against infections | marcophages |
| Type of CT offers: Repair after injury | Fibroblasts |
| How does bone differ from other CT? | Outside layer = calcified |
| Type of bone cell: stays in lacuna | Osteoclast |
| Type of bone cell:stem cell | osteoprogenitor |
| Type of bone cell:Absorption & Re-absorption | Osteoclast |
| Growth area of bone | metaphysic |
| 3 types of lamellae formation for compact bone | 1. Haversian System (osteon)
2. Interstitial system
3. inner & outer circumferential |
| Fixed cells are responsible for? | synthesis of fiber & ground substance |
| Difference in shape of fibroblast at rest and active | 1. Rest = small nucleus
2. Active = Entire cell enlarge |
| Primitive cell | Mesenchymal |
| Where do blood cells come from | Red bone marrow |
| Which WBC is the 1st line of defense? | Neutrophil |
| How many lobes of Eosinophils? | 2 |
| How many lobes of Neutrophils? | 3-5 |
| Function of Eosinophils | Antibody-antigen complex
-Allergic Rxns & Parasitic |
| Function of Neutrophils | Phagocytic Bacteria & Particular matter |
| Thrombocytes | Platelets in reptiles |
| Blood clotting steps | Platelet & Tissue cells --> Thromboplastin --> Prothrombin --> Thrombin --> fibrinogen --> fibrin |
| What is the 2nd line of defense for bacterial invasion? | Monocytes |
| Monocytes function: | 1. Phagocytosis
2. Intracellular digestion
*Antigen Fingerprints for future ID |
| B-lymphocytes can go to three sites | 1. Blood Stream
2. Return to BM
3. Peripheral lymph organs |
| Principle hemopoetic tissue in adult mammals | Red Bone marrow |
| 5 Places of hemopoetic tissue | 1. liver
2. spleen
3. BV
4. lymph nodes
5. thymus |
| 3 phases of embryonic hemopoeisis + time periods | 1. Yolk Sac: two weeks
2. Liver (6th week) & Spleen (2-8 month)
3. Bone marrow (3rd month) |
| Unitarian Theory | All blood cells arise from common stem cell (Hemocytoblast) |
| What proves Unitartian theory | CFU-GM |
| Stem cells have capacity to do what two things | 1. Duplication
2. Differentiation |
| What is right below PHSC? | CFU-S |
| CFU-S gives arise to what 4 things?- | Lymphoblast, CFU-B, CFU-GM, CFU-M |
| Where do protocytes come from? | CFU-GM |
| What is Polyploidy State? | Unique form of cell division with karyokinesis but not cytokinesis
**CFU-M** |
| Band form lets us decide if..? | 1. Basophile
2. Neutrophil
3. Eosinophil |
| CFU-S is...? | Colony forming units
spleen |
| If there are two or more blood cell types, what is the blood cell origin | PHSC |
| What arise from CFU-E | Erythroid |
| What arise from CFU-M | MEGAKARYCYTE |
| What arise from CFU-GM | granulocytes & monocytes |
