| Question | Answer |
| Genetic dose refers to the? | Effects exhibited in future offspring of persons who have been irradiated |
| The cell's operation "program" is stored in the: | DNA |
| Mature spermatozoa are ________ cells in the body. | quite radioresistant |
| The genetically significant dose is a factor of which of the following parameters?
mean gonadal dose per examination
function of future children
number of chromosomes damaged
x-ray examination rate | GSD - Genetically Significant Dose : Dose to the gonads. Symptoms of GSD are called genetic dose indicators. |
| A dose to the skin is most likely a good indicator of the: | evel of dose received by organs near the point of interest |
| When x-rays are directed toward the patient, most are: | absorbed by the patient |
| Doubling the exposure time of the patient ______ the total exposure to the patient. | doubles |
| he dead-man type exposure switch
terminates the exposure when pressure is released
circuit will be closed when the operator dies
is an electromagnetic relay contact
operates by circuit closing contact maintained by continuous pressure | terminates the exposure when pressure is released & operates by circuit closing contact maintained by continuous pressure |
| The greatest contribution of unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient comes from the x-ray opeartor's failure to | collimate the x-ray beam to the area of clinical interest |
| The largest percentage of radiation exposure to the population from man-made radiation exposure comes from which source? | medical exposure |
| Which of the following is directly proportional to the exposure delivered to the patient? | ma |
| The GSD _________ include the dose to the population receives from background radiation. | does not |
| Which type of table-top material significantly reduces patient exposure? | carbon fiber |
| True or False:
A genetic dose may refer to the direct dose received by the embryo/fetus. | true |
| During an image intensified fluorographic study (manual mode), an increase in kilovoltage will: | increases patient dose |
| The radiation effects of radiobiological injury is clearly dependent upon the: | specific location of initial radiation interaction |
| During a cine exam in which 35 mm film is used and a frame rate of 30 frames/sec are utilized, what is the approximate skin exposure per minute? | The approximate skin exposure per minute during a CINE exam in which 35 mm film is used and a frame rate of 30 frames/second is utilized is 2 – 5 Roentgens/minute. |
| Radiation that exits the patient is referred to as: | exit radiation
remnant radiation
scatter radiation |
| Only under what condition(s) can a person be intentionally exposed to radiation: | physician's requisition/order/medical need |
| Hematological depression is most likely assocaited with irradiation of: | bone marrow |
| Temporary sterility in a woman may result from an acute x-radiation dose of _________ to the gonads. | 30 rads |
| The greatest contribution of unncessary radiation exposure to the patient comes from: | lack of collimation |
| A cardiac catherization examination dose results in a bone marrow dose of approximately? | 190 millirads |
| Increasing the kilovoltage peak (kVp) with ABC will:
increase the penetrating power of the x-ray beam
allow for the use of lower x-ray tube current
decrease the radiation exposure rate at the output phosphor
reduce the patient skin exposure | 1, 2, and 4 only |
| If 3 grams of tissue absorb 300 ergs of x-rays, what is the dose? | 1 rad |
| During a 2 minute (fluoroscopy exposure time) routine for an upper GI series,
a typical x-ray exposure to the patient is? | 6.0 R |
| If any upper gastrointestinal examination of a pregnant patient resulted in a total skin
exposure of 5 Roentgens, what is the approximate dose to the fetus? | 100 millirads |
| Which method of gonadal shielding is best for use during fluoroscopy? | shaped, contact shielding |
| Exposing the gonads to the highest gonadal doses in radigrahic examinations
result in doses to the gonads which: | are below those that will reduce or impair fertility |
| The statistic referred to as GSD is defined as the dose which if received by _______ of the population
would be expected to produce the same total genetic effect on the population as the sum of the
individual doses that are actually received. | every member |
| DNA is replicated during: | mitosis |
| GSD _____ a prediction of forecast of adverse effects on any individuas or their unborn child. | is not |
| From a single brief exposure dose, the sterility resulting after such dose may be expected to be: | temporary |
| If a needle becomes dislodged and extravasation or infiltration occur, what should you do first? | stop the injection/infusion |
| Sperm precursors are: | Spermatogonia |
| What change occurs as the kilovoltage peak is increased and the milliampere seconds is
correspondingly decreased? | patient skin exposure is decreased |
| Which somatic dose indicator is a reasonable indicatior of doses to the internal
organs which are sensitive to cancer induction? | bone marrow dose |
| Irradiated reproductive cells may produce changes in the cells: | genes, and chromosomes. |
| A single brief exposure dose of _______ may result in cessation of sperm formation. | 50 rads |
| Genetic dose refers to? | effects exhibited in future offspring of a person who has been irradiated |
| Which of the following is directly proportional to the exposure delivered to the patient?
thickness of the filter
target-to-table top distance (target-to-panel distance)
milliamperes (mA)
Kilovoltage peak (kVp)
two answers are correct | ma |
| Increasing fluoroscopic x-ray tube current in mA will:
provide a brighter image
increase the patient exposure
decrease the operator exposure
increase the radiation exposure rate at the output phosphor | 1, 2 and 4 only |
| "Boost" or "High Level" control can increase tube current (mA) & tube potential (kVp),
thus increasing patient dose, by a factor of: | 2-4 times |
| The GSD is a function of what parameter(s)?
mean gonad dose per exam
x-ray examination rate
number of future children
All of the above | all of the above |
| Biological effects from exposure to ionizing radiation appear to follow: | linear, non-threshold dose pattern |
| What is the approximate exposure a patient would receive during five minutes of
fluoroscopy if the kVp is 80 and the mA is between 1 and 3 per second? | 10-30 Roentgens |
| Somatic effects produce damage to:
future generations
the irradiated individual
two answers are correct
none of the answers are correct | the person and future offspring |
| What is the approximate dose to the patient's gonads resulting from a barium enema exam: | 1,000 millirads |
| The biological effects from exposure to ionizing radiation are influenced by:
total dose received by the tissue exposed
type of cell irradiated
dose rate to the tissue exposed
All of the above | all |
| The transference of energy to matter from radiographic exposures produces:
excitations of atoms
electron removal from an atom
electron vacancies in the atomic shells
ionizations of atoms
All of the above | all |
