| Question | Answer |
| 1. An obvious and important difference between a president and a prime minister is that the latter always has | The support of the majority party |
| In a parliamentary system, the voters cannot choose | The prime minister |
| More recent presidents have rarely been ______ right before becoming president | Legislators |
| With substantial Democratic majorities in both houses of Congress, President Kennedy, during the last year of his presidency, was able to secure passage of ________ of his proposals | 25% |
| The text cites the 1946 Marshall Plan and the Tax Reform Act of 1986 to illustrate that | Divided government often produces results comparable to unified government |
| The texts suggests that a “unified government” might be | a myth |
| The text observes that the delegates to the Constitutional Convention feared | monarchy and anarchy |
| Alexander Hamilton stood at the Constitutional Convention and gave a five-hour speech calling for | an elective monarchy |
| The cause of those who argued for a single, elected president at the convention was, no doubt, aided by the fact that | George Washington was the assumed first President |
| An aspect of George Washington's personality that encouraged the delegates to the Constitutional Convention to approve an elected presidency was his | self-restraint |
| One of the fears expressed by the Founders about aspects of the presidency was the fear of a president's | Command of the state militias |
| 12. One concern expressed at the convention focused on the possibility that shared powers would cause the president to be a mere “tool” of | The Senate |
| The primary source(s) of the expansion of presidential power can be found in | Foreign affairs, public opinion, and “inherent” powers |
| The first plan suggested at the convention called for the president to be chosen by | Congress |
| The Framers solved the problem of how to elect the president by | Adopting the electoral college |
| Under the original provisions of the U.S. Constitution, the states were to choose presidential electors | In any way they wanted to |
| The Framers assumed that, under the electoral college system, most presidential elections would be decided in the House. Why did this not turn out to be the case? | Political parties ended up playing a bigger role in elections than the Founders suspected |
| 18. Presidents are now limited to two terms by the | a. 22nd Amendment |
| 19. Regarding terms of office, the pattern among most early presidents was to | a. Serve two full terms |
| 20. How was the legitimacy of the office of president aided during the years of the first presidents | a. They left very little for the President to do |
| 21. The personality of which president began to alter the relationship between the president and Congress and the nature of presidential leadership | a. Andrew Jackson |
| 22. Prior to the 1850s, the president who made the most vigorous use of the veto power was | a. Andrew Jackson |
| 23. Andrew Jackson established the precedent that a president's veto can be used | a. To direct the country’s policies toward public opinion |
| 24. In order to win the presidency today, a candidate must win ______ electoral votes | 270 |
| 25. In only ____ instances, candidates have won the electoral vote without winning a majority of the popular vote | 3 |
| 26. The last time a candidate won a majority of the electoral college without winning the popular vote was | 2000 |
| 27. Given the distribution of electoral votes, a candidate can win the presidency with as few as ____ states | a. 11, the 10 most populous states plus 1 more state with at least 15 electoral votes |
| 28. Most Americans believe we should _______ the electoral college | abolish |
| 29. The text suggests that the abolition of the electoral college might lead to | A large third party |
| 30. The era from 1836 to 1932 is commonly viewed as one of | a. Congressional rule |
| 31. President Lincoln justified his unprecedented use of the vague powers granted in Article II of the U.S. Constitution by citing | a. “implied” or “inherent” powers in order to ensure that the “laws were faithfully executed”. |
| 32. From the examples of Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln, one learns that emergency conditions and ________ can offer presidents the opportunity for substantial increases in power | a. Strong-willed personalities |
| 33. Which president was one of the first to argue for a presidential legislative program | a. Woodrow Wilson |
| 34. The powers that the president shares with the Senate include | a. Making treaties and appointing ambassadors, judges, and high officials |
| 35. Grover Cleveland used federal troops to break a labor strike by invoking his power to | a. “take care that the laws be faithfully executed” |
| 36. According to the text, the greatest source of presidential power lies in the realm of | a. Public opinion |
| 37. The rule of propinquity states that | a. Power is wielded by people who are in the room when a decision is made |
| 38. The principal function of the White House Office is to | a. Counsel, advise, and support the President by overseeing his/hers political and policy interests |
| 39. According to the text, the three methods by which a president can organize his or her personal staff are | a. Pyramid, circular, and ad hoc |
| 40. President Clinton's use of task forces, committees, and informal groups of friends and advisers is characteristic of which method of staff organization | a. Ad hoc |
| 41. The method of staff organization that poses the risk of isolating or misinforming the president is called | a. Pyramid |
| 42. When President Reagan appointed a chief of staff in 1985, he was acting according to what model of organization | Pyramid |
| 43. Today, senior White House staff members are drawn from the ranks of | a. The President’s campaign staff |
| 44. The most important agency in the Executive Office of the President in terms of providing administrative assistance is the | a. Office of Management and Budget |
| 45. George Washington attempted to get his cabinet members to work together, and the result was | futile |
| 46. The cabinet officers consist of the heads of | a. The fifteen major executive departments |
| 47. The seating order at cabinet meetings most accurately reflects | a. The age of that cabinet member’s department |
| 48. The prior work experience of presidential appointees to the executive branch is most likely to include | a. Government service at some level |
| 49. Richard Neustadt used the label in and outers for | a. People who alternate between the private and public sector |
| 50. A trend in recent cabinet appointments has been to | a. Appoint “experts” |
| 51. Relationships between White House staff and department heads are typically characterized by | a. Tension |
| 52. The presidential character of Lyndon Johnson was characterized by | a. Face-to-face confrontations |
| 53. The presidential character of Richard Nixon was characterized by | a. Deep-seeded suspicion |
| 54. Which president considered himself an "outsider" and boasted of it | Jimmy Carter |
| 55. The presidential character of Ronald Reagan was characterized by | a. Efficient communication |
| 56. Which president was elected as a centrist Democrat but immediately pursued liberal policies | a. Bill Clinton |
| 57. When President Franklin Roosevelt gave the impression of self-confidence and being on top of things, the audience that was most likely to perceive him as effective comprised | a. His colleagues in Washington |
| 58. When a president makes fire-and-brimstone speeches confirming a shared sense of purpose, he or she is appealing principally to | a. Party activists |
| 59. When a presidential candidate talks on the campaign trail of the many good things that he would accomplish as president, he or she is appealing principally to | a. “the public” who is naïve enough to believe him |
| 60. When the president uses the prestige and visibility of the office to guide or mobilize the American people, we say that he or she is using the | a. Bully pulpit |
| 61. Members of Congress pay attention to the personal popularity of a president because | a. They do not like to aggressively oppose the positions of an extremely popular president |
| 62. From the time of winning office to the time of leaving it, the popularity of most recent presidents | a. Sank like the Titanic |
| 63. The classic example of the honeymoon phenomenon was | a. FDR and the “first hundred days” |
| 64. Veto power and executive privilege give a president both a way of blocking action and a | a. Bargaining chip with Congress |
| 65. A bill is passed to the president for action while Congress is still in session. After ten days he or she has still not approved it. What happens to the bill | a. Becomes law automatically |
| 66. When President Reagan was governor of California, he could veto portions of a bill that were irrelevant to the subject of the bill. He was exercising what is called | a. line –item veto |
| 67. More than 2,500 presidential vetoes have been made since 1789. Congress has overridden about what percentage of these | 4% |
| 68. The presidential claims for executive privilege are based on the separation of powers and on | a. The necessity to obtain confidential and candid advice |
| 69. United States v. Nixon held that there is | a. No “absolute unqualified Presidential privilege of immunity from judicial process under all circumstances” |
| 70. The result of the Supreme Court's ruling in United States v. Nixon was that | a. Nixon had to hand over all the evidence that would eventually incriminate him |
| 71. The major test of presidential power with respect to impoundment of funds came in the administration of | a. Nixon |
| 72. If a president has a particular attitude about how a piece of legislation might be implemented, he or she might issue a | a. Signing statement |
| 73. Members of Congress argue that signing statements are the equivalent of the | a. Line-item veto |
| 74. President Reagan's approach to his program was to | a. Concentrate on a few major initiatives, and leave everything else to subordinates |
| 75. A president who is uncertain whether a policy he or she is considering will be controversial would be most likely to | a. “float” the idea to the American public |
| 76. One major constraint on a president's ability to plan and develop a program is the | a. Limit of time |
| 77. The typical workweek for a president numbers approximately | a. 90 hours |
| 78. In recent decades, the two key issues that presidents have focused on in planning and developing new programs have been | a. The economy, stupid, and foreign affairs |
| 79. Every president since Harry Truman has commented that the power of the presidency | a. Is limited |
| 80. How many times has a president served more than two terms | once |
| 81. How many U.S. presidents have been assassinated while in office | 4 |
| 82. The constitutional duty of the vice president is to | a. Preside over the Senate |
| 83. The position of “acting president” was created by | a. John Tyler |
| 84. Who succeeds to the presidency if both the president and vice president die | a. Speaker of the House |
| 85. The objects of impeachment have most frequently been | a. Federal judges |
| 86. ________ decide(s) whether to remove the president from office following an impeachment trial | a. The Senate |
| 87. The fundamental concern in defining the presidential succession is to | a. Make the office legitimate |
| 88. Concerning the powers of the executive and legislative branches of government, the text concludes that | a. They both have become more constrained |
| 1. The text argues that many of the problems of bureaucracy in government arise from its | a. Size and complexity |
| 2. Divided authority over the bureaucracy encourages bureaucrats to play one branch of government off against the other and to make heavy use of | a. The media |
| 3. Defenders of government by proxy argue that the system | a. Produces more flexibility, takes advantage of private and nonprofit skills, and defends the priciples of federalism. |
| 4. One complication surrounding the federal bureaucracy is the fact that the Constitution | a. Doesn’t directly address it |
| 5. James Madison argued that the president alone must be able to fire a federal employee because | a. The president must be able to control his subordinates |
| 6. In the early days of the federal government, the only department that had much power was the | a. Treasury Department |
| 7. During most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, appointments to the civil service were based primarily on | a. Patronage |
| 8. The great watershed in the expansion of government bureaucracy in the United States occurred during the | a. Late 1800s |
| 9. The federal government did not begin to regulate the economy in any large way until | a. 1887, Interstate Commerce Commission |
| 10. A laissez-faire economy is | a. An economy ran without the interference of government |
| 11. During World War I, President Wilson was authorized by Congress to | a. Fix prices, operate the railroads, manage the communications system, and even control the distribution of food. |
| 12. Periodically, the size of the bureaucracy has grown substantially. These times of growth have generally occurred during | a. Times of war |
| 13. A dramatic increase in activism by the federal bureaucracy occurred in the twentieth century, largely as a consequence of | a. The Great Depression |
