| Question | Answer |
| Summary of Criteria:
Anxiety about difficult places to escape, situations avoided or have distress, avoidance not accounted by other disorder | Agoraphobia |
| Specific group need to be sensitive with agoraphobia | Females, from other cultures |
| Agoraphobia is comorbid with... | Panic Attacks |
| Risk factors for Agoraphobia | Panic Disorder, Stressful Life events, Being nervous, Alcohol/Substance Abuse, Being female |
| Is agoaraphobia a codable disorder? | No |
| Brain Abnormalities associated with Agoraphobia | Excess NE + GABA, Deficiency Seratonin, Excess SNS |
| Down's Syndrome is more common than Aspergers | False |
| Summary of Criteria:
Imparement in social interaction, imparement in communication, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, before 3 yrs, | Autism |
| Summary of Criteria:
Imparement in social interaction, stereotyped areas of behavior, disturbances cause clinically significant imparements | Aspergers |
| Features of Autism/Aspergers | Stereotyped movements, Repetitive Activities, Resistance to Routine, Unusual responses to stimuli, Difficulty with executive function. |
| Major structures affected in Autism | Brain Stem, Cerebellum, Corpus Callosum |
| Typical medications for Autism/Aspergers | Risperidone, Olanzapine, Anxiety, Depression, Anti-convulsants |
| Treatment options for Auspergers/Apergers | ABA Applied Behavioral Analysis, TEACCH-Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH), Theraplay, Diet, Speech/Language Therapy |
| There is a high prevalence of research on Autism/Aspergers | Yes |
| Conduct Disorder is only diagnosed after what age? | 16 |
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder is often seen before age... | 8 |
| Areas for criteria diagnosis:
Aggression to people or animals, Destruction of property, Deceitfulness or theft, Serious Violations of Rules | Conduct Disorder |
| Areas for criteria diagnosis:
Anger, Loss of temper, Annoying people, Blaming others, Annoyed by others, angry, vindictive | Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
| Things to rule out for CD | ADHD, Mood Disorders, Adjustment Disorder |
| Things to rule out for ODD | Mood Disorders, ADHD, Mental Retardation |
| Research on CD has shown genetic link to CD regardless of onset | True |
| Link of NTs to Antisocial Behaviors | Decreases Cortisol + ANS Function + Seratonin |
| Drugs that target CD | Stimulants, Lithium |
| Students with CD may be referred for... | Special Education |
| A approach used for Oppositional Defiant Disorder | Parent Management Training. |
| Where is Bulimia most prevalent? | Industrialized Nations, Females, Heredity, Adolescence |
| What age does Anorexia usually begin | 14-18 |
| Summary of DSM Criteria:
Refusal to Maintain Body Weight, Fear of becoming fat, Distrubance in weight self eval, Absence of 3+ menunstrations | Anorexia |
| Summary of DSM Criteria:
Recurrent episodes of binge eating, Behavior to prevent weight gain, 2/wk for 3 months, self eval judged by weight | Bulimia |
| Brain abnormalities in anorexia/bulimia | Differences in dopamine pathways (affects pleasure and +/- feedback) |
| Meds for Anorexia: | Prozac, Atypical Antipsychotics |
| meds for Bulimia: | SSRI (depression), Prozan only approved with bulimia |
| Promising approach to bulimia counseling | Nonspecific Supportive Clinical Management |
| Superior approach for Bulimia | CBT |
| Other Approaches for Eating Disorders | Mindfulness based Therapy, Art therapy and Eating Disorders |
| New research on Eating Disorders that offers a promising approach to counseling | Attachment and Eating Disorders |
| Connection of Attachment with eating Disorders | Women with eating disorders have higher levels of insecure attachments |
| What technique was more effective for women have high attachment insecurity? | Group Psychodynamic Treatment |
| Disorders often comorbid with GAD | Mood Disorders, other Anxiety Disorders, and with Substance-Related Disorders, Depression, |
| Summary of criteria for Diagnosis:
Anxiety or worry about multiple things, difficult to control, physical symptoms, clinical imparement | GAD |
| Brain Abnormalities in GAD | larger volumes of the amygdala and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex |
| Meds for GAD | Benzos, Antidepressants, Sleeping Pills, Antihistamines, Beta-Blockers, Hyperintensives |
| Counseling Approaches with GAD | CBT, Time Management, Coping Skills, behavioral, breathing/Relaxation Techniques |
| Therapy that has been shown to be effective with GAD in conjuntion with CBT | interpersonal and emotional processing therapy |
| Recommended initial Meds for GAD based on research | SSRI and DNRI |
| Avg age of onset for OCD | Male 6-15
Female 20-29 |
| Children at risk for OCD | Children with streptococcal infection |
| Summary of Criteria for Disorder:
Obsessions or Compulsions, Recog. of excessive obs/comp., Obsessions caused marked distress | OCD |
| When to specify poor insight with OCD | If person does not realize there is a compultion problem |
| NT involved in OCD | Dopamine, Glutamine, GABA, Seratonin |
| Meds for Antidepressants | SSRI and Tricyclic antidepressant |
| Counseling Approaches for OCD | CBT, Exposure Ritual Prevention |
| Scales focused on CBT | Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FOCI), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), DSM-V Alternative Scale |
| OCD is marked in research by what behaviors? | Checking Behaviors and Responsiblity |
| Great risk factor for Panic Disorder: | 1st Degree Relative |
| Summary of Criteria Diagnisis:
Recurrent Attacks or Worries of Attacks, Not due to GMC, Not accounted by other disorder | Panic Attack |
| Biological Aspects of Panic Attacks | Dorsal periaqueductal grey matter (PAGd) overactivated, HPA axis activated in anxiety not panic |
| Meds used for Panic Attack | SSRI, SNRI, Benzos |
| 3 areas to focus counseling approaches on with Panic Attacks | Mind, Body, Spirit |
| CBT and CT focus on what aspect of Panic Attacks | Mind |
| Focuses for body aspect of panic attack intervention | Reduce Stimulant Intake, Healthy Diet, Exercise, |
| Focuses for spirit aspect of panic attack intervention | Breathing, Muscle Relaxation, Yoga, Calm Music |
| What type of intervention is found to be most helpful from a Meta-analysis | exposure, relaxation training, and breathing retraining are most effective |
| Most people with PTSD are survivors of... | Rape, Military Combat, Ethnocide/Genocide |
| Criteria for Diagnosis Summary:
Exposure to Traumatic Event, Re-experiencing of event, avoidance of things related to trauma, Increased arrousal, over 1 month, impares functioning | Post Traumatic Stress Disorder |
| Specifiers for PTSD | Acute (<3 mo), Chronic (>3 mo), Delayed Onset (starts 6 mo after stressor) |
| PTSD and brain abnormalities | Have higher number of 1b receptors |
| Meds for PTSD | SSRI, SNRI, Anti-Anxieties (Buspar, Benzos), Beta Blockers, Alpha Blockers, Antipsychotics |
| What do alpha blockers do? | Decrease nightmares |
| Trauma Therapy can be done when the client is in crisis... | False |
| Counseling approaches for PTSD | TF-CBT, Exposure Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Support Groups, EMDR |
| Areas of current research for PTSD | Dialectical behavior therapy
Prazosin treatment for nightmares
Mindfulness skills among veterans |
| Common onset for Social Anxiety Disorder | Adolescence and Childhood |
| Roots of Social Anxiety Disorder | Inhibited Personality, Embarrassing Experience |
| Is SAD a lifelong disorder? | Potentially |
| Risk factors for SAD | Heredity, Neuroticism/Introversion,Behavioral Inhibition , Bullying, New Demands, Controlling Parenting Style |
| Attachment most closely tied to SAD | Anxious-Resistant Attachment |
| Criteria for DIagnosis:
Social Performance Fear, Social Situation promotes Panic Attack, Fear Excessive, Situations Avoided, Avoidance interferes with life, 6 mo, Not due to GMD, Fear unrelated to Health, Many Situations | Social Anxiety Disorder |
| Brain abnormality with SAD | Enlarged Amygdala, Seratonin Imbalance |
| Meds for SAD | SSRI, possibly with SNRI |
| Less common meds for SAD | Anti Anxieties and Beta-Blockers |
| What does MBSR (with SAD Diagnosis) focus on | Stress Psychoeducation with Vipassana meditation |
| Do many patients with SAD seek treatment for other disorders? | YES |
| What anxiety disorder has the lowes remission rate? | Social Anxiety Disorder |
