| Question | Answer |
| Psychotherapy | any psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in persons personality, behavior, or adjustment. |
| Demonology | in medieval Europe, the study of demons and the treatment of "possessed" by demons. |
| Psychoanalysis | a Freudian therapy that emphasizes the use of free association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscious conflicts. |
| free association | in psychoanalysis, the technique of having a client say anything that comes to mind, regardless of how embarrassing or unimportant it may seem. |
| Resistance | a blockage in the flow of free association; topics the client resist thinking or talking about. |
| Transference | the tendency of patients to transfer feelings to a therapist that correspond to those the patient had for important persons in his or her past. |
| Brief Psycho dynamic therapy | a modern therapy based on psychoanalytic theory but designed to produce insights more quickly. |
| Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) | a brief dynamic psychotherapy designed to help people by improving their relationships with other people. |
| Client- Centered (or person-centered) therapy | A non-directive therapy based on insight gained from conscious thoughts and feelings; emphasizes accepting one's true self. |
| unconditioned positive regard | an unqualified, unshakable acceptance of another person. |
| Empathy | a capacity for taking anthers point of view; the ability to feel what another is feeling. |
| Authenticity | in Carl rogers terms, the ability of a therapist to be genuine and honest about his or her own feelings. |
| Reflection | in client centered therapy, the process of rephrasing or repeating thoughts and feelings expressed by clients so they can become aware of what they are saying. |
| Existential therapy | an insight that focuses on the elemental problems of existence, such as death, meaning, choice, and responsibility; emphasizes making courage's life choices. |
| Gestalt Therapy | an approach that focuses on immediate expirience and awareness to help clients rebuild thinking, feeling, and acting into connected wholes; emphasizes the integration of fragmented experiences. |
| Behavior Therapy | Any therapy any therapy designed to actively change behavior. |
| Behavior Modification | the application of learning principles to human behavior, especially maladaptive behavior. |
| Aversion therapy | suppressing an undesirable response by associating it with aversive (painful or uncomfortable) stimuli. |
| Hierachy | A rank -ordered series of higher and lower amounts, levels. degrees, or steps. |
| Reciprocal inhibition | the presence of one emotional state can inhibit the occurrence of another. such as joy preventing fear or anxiety inhibiting pleasure. |
| Systematic desensitization | a reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion brought about by planned exposure to aversive stimuli. |
| Tension -release method | a produce for systematically achieving deep relaxation of the body. |
| Vicarious desensitization | A reduction in fear or anxiety that takes place vicariously ("Second hand") when a client watches models perform the feared behavior. |
| Virtual reality exposure | use of computer- generated images to present fear stimuli. the virtual environment responds to viewer's head movements and other inputs. |
| Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing(EMDR) | A technique for reducing fear or anxiety; based on holding upsetting thoughts in mind while rapidly moving the eyes from side to side. |
| Token Economy | A therapeutic program in which desirable behaviors are reinforced with tokens that can be exchanged fro goods, services, activities, and privileges. |
| Cognitive therapy | A therapy directed at changing the maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and feelings that underlie emotional and behavioral problems |
| Selective Perception | Perceiving only certain stimuli among a larger array of possibilities. |
| Over generalization | blowing a single event out of proportion by extending it to a large number of unrelated situations. |
| All-or nothing thinking | Classifying objects or events as absolutely right or wrong good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable, and so forth. |
| Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) | An approach that states that irrational beliefs cause many emotional problems that such beliefs must be changed or abandoned |
| Group therapy | Psychotherapy conducted in a group setting to make therapeutic use of group dynamics. |
| Psychodrama | A therapy in which clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others who play supporting roles. |
| Role reversion | Taking the role of another person to learn how one's own behavior appears from the other person's perspective. |
| Family Therapy | Technique in which all family members participate, both individually and as a group, to change destructive relationships and communication patterns. |
| Sensitivity Group | A group expirience consisting of exercises designed to increase self-awareness and sensitivity to others. |
| Mirror technique | Observing another person re- enact one's own behavior, like a character in play; designed to help persons see themselves more clearly. |
| Encounter group | a group experience that emphasizes intensely honest interchanges among participants regarding feelings and reactions to one another. |
| Large-group awareness training | any number of programs (many of them commercialized) that claim to increase self- awareness and facilitate constructive personal change |
| Therapy Placebo effect | improvement caused not by the actual process of therapy but by a client's expectation that therapy will help. |
| Therapeutic alliance | a caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client inn working to solve the client's problems. |
| Culturally skilled therapist | a therapist who has awareness, knowledge, and skills necessary to treat clients from diverse cultural backgrounds. |
| Somatic Therapy | any bodily therapy, such as a drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or psycho surgery. |
| Pharmacotherapy | the use of drugs to treat psychopathology. |
| Anxiolytics | Drugs (such as valium) that produce relaxation or reduce anxiety. |
| Antidepressants | mood-elevating drugs |
| Antipsychotics | drugs that, in addition to having tranquilizing affects, also tend to reduce hallucinations and delusional thinking |
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | a treatment for severe depression, consisting of an electric shock passed directly through the brain, which induces a convulsion. |
| psychosurgery | any surgical alteration of the brain designed to bring about desirable behavioral or emotional changes. |
| Mental hospitalization | placing a person in a protected, therapeutic environment staffed by mental health professionals. |
| partial hospitalization | an approach in which patients receive treatment at a hospitol during the day but return home at night. |
| deinsitutionalization | reduced use of full time commitment to mental institutions to treat mental disorders. |
| Halfway House | a community- based facility for individuals making the transition from an institution (mental hospital, prison, and so forth) to independent living. |
| Community mental health center | a faciltiy offering a wide range of mental health services, such as prevention, counseling, consultation, crisis intervention. |
| Crisis intervention | skilled management of a psychological emergency. |
| Paraprofessional | An individual who works in anear- professional capacity under the supervision of a more highly trained person. |
