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Created by: laurenmick

Question	Answer
FIM ** What does it stand for?	Functional Independence Measure Global measure burden of care
Wee FIM **	Pediatric outcomes: 3 domains: (self-care, mobility, social) children: 6mo-7yr
FIM: ** How many questions?	18 questions (13 motor, 5 cognitive) 1-7; 7=independent *always pick the lowest score
Patient Evaluation and Conference System (PECS)	Global Measure Comprehensive, Interdiscliplinary 76 functions (1-7; 7=independent)
PULSES	Global Measure P: physical condition, U: upper extremity, L: lower extremity, S: Sensory, E: excretory function, S: social and mental status
Functional Assessment Measure (FAM)	Global measure *Adjunct to FIM for Brain Injury cognitive, behavioral, communication, & community functioning 12 questions (1-7),
Barthel Index **	ADL measure-Stroke Treatment 10 domains: feeding, transferring, grooming, toileting, bathing, mobility, stairs, bowel, and bladder control (0-100; 100=total independence) popular in Europe
Kenny Self-Care Evaluation	ADL measure 6 Domains: transfers, bed activity, feeding, peronal hygiene, dressing, locomotion 17 activities scored on basis of observation 0-4; 4=total independence
Katz Index of Independence in ADL	ADL measure Bathing,
QIF: Quadriplegia Index Function	ADL measure Laundry, shopping, preparing meals, using a phone, managing finances
CIQ: Community Integration Quest	*measures the effect of primary & secondary handicaps Home and social integration and productive activity 15 questions
Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique (CHART)	*measures the effect of primary & secondary handicaps 5 dimensions:27 questions w/ max score for each dimension 100 physical independence, mobility, occupation, social integration, economic self-sufficiency
What does CHART (Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique) assess?	Assess reintegration for persons with Spinal Cord Injury
HOME: Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment	Quality of child care 45 items Identifies risk of developmental delay due to lack of environmental support in home, actual observation in the home.
FRESNO: Functional Evaluation of Sensori-Neurologic outcomes	45 key functional areas: 5 Domains: self-care, motor, communication, cognition, socialization 196 items
Lifeware Assessment Tools	Outpatient Tool, examines physical function, pain, affective well-being, and cognitive functioning
FOTO: Focus on Therapeutic Outcomes	Outpatient Tool, efficiency and effectiveness outpatient orthopedic measurement tool
Short Form 36 (SF-36)	assesses overall well-being and perception of self reported health
OASIS: Outcomes and Assessment Information Set	Home environmental Tool: measures Adult outcomes in Home mandated by HCFA (state) -medicare is based on OASIS 14 care areas: e.g ambulation, med mgt.,phsych & emotional behavior, living arrangement
MDS: Minimum Data Set	Ctr for Medicare/caid Services (CMS) Mandated by HCFA for long-term care and sub acute settings Data collection instrument for Prospective Payment Systems (PPS) Based on resource Utilization Groups, Patient info sent for reimbursement
Is rehab nursing viewed as a specialty practice?	Yes. Guided by Philosophy, theory and research.
Goal of Case MGT?	The provision of high quality, cost-effective healthcare services.
Case Management(CM) Certification CRRN	First offered by ARN in 1984 Requires 2 years of Rehab nursing experience
Case Management(CM) Certification CCM	1993 by Commission for Case Manager Certification Requires licensure in professional healthcare and 2 years CM experience
Case Management(CM) Certification ANCC	First offered in 1998 by American Nurses Credentialing Center Focused on facilty-based practice RN nure w/ a min. 2y full time work & 2000 hours of practice
CM Accreditation and Regulation: Joint Commission	Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization- Discharge planning criteria (1996)
CM Accreditation and Regulation: CARF: Commission of Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities	1999 CM is an integral part of rehab care. Coordination, communication, and advocacy
CM Accreditation and Regulation: American Health Care Commission/Utilization Reciew Accreditation Commission (1998)	1998 accredit CM programs that promote innovation and best practices in industry
Life Care Plans **	1981 introduced to rehab and legal lit. *plan for current & future needs w/ assoc. costs ($$) for ppl who have sustained cat injury or have chronic healthcare needs
Multidisciplinary Teams	Composed of specialists from different fields who all communicate re: goals/pt. care. Comm. is vertical rather than lateral Team lead facilitates conferences
Interdisciplinary Teams	Whole team works together to identify ways to help pt. reach common goals thru team meetings and going beyond respective disciplines.
Transdisciplinary Teams	Choose one team member to be primary caregiver, while others act as consultants.
Team learning	Process of aligning and developing the capacity of team to create desired results.
Interdisciplinary Teams: potential ethical conflicts btwn members. Why?	1. Holistic: address med , social, & functional needs 2. Comprehensive in their analysis of cases 3. Diverse in experience, cultural bkgrnd, skills, & perspectives
Medicare	Federal Program: for elderly (65+) or ppl who are permanently disabled or residing in a long-term care facility.
Madicaid	State Program: low income individuals and families -recipients of Aid to Families (AFDC) -recipients of SSI (Social Security Income) -infants born to medicaid eligible women -pregereds & adoption recipients -certain ppl w/ medicare
Workers Comp	worker or families of workers whose death arose -medical coverage, income benefits, rehab & vocational rehab
HMO	Health Maintenance Organization HMO-controlled organization
PPO	Preferred Provider Organization -purchased health care services from a select group
PPS-Prospective Payment System	payment rate is predetermined based on the medical diagnosis regardless of cost
Per Diem	payment based on a sum for the day
Medicare Payment systems for SNF's	-must be in a hospital for 3 days -can receive services for up to 100 days -payment based on assessment of a minimum data set (MDS)
IRFS: Inpatient Rehab Facilities	3h of therapy/5day/week 75% rule-1 of 13 medical conditions -adjusts payment for outliers
LTCH: Long Term Care Hospitals	-care for complex problems -LOS of 25d or more -adjusts payment for outliers
HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability & Accountabilities Act	prohibits group insurance plans from exclusionary criteria, I.e. disability, pre-history
COBRA: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act	The right for people to have insurance coverage for 18 months post employment
The Economics of Prevention:*** Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention	Primary: supporting or protecting the health and well being of society 2ndary: refers to efforts directed to high risk pop. Tert: effort to max function and min the sequela of an injury or illness.
Home Health: medicare payment services	-must be restricted to their home -payment based on OASIS (outcome and assessment info set)(Home environmental Tool: measures Adult outcomes in Home mandated by HCFA (state))
DRG: Diagnosis Related Groups	system for Medicare to help pay hospitals. 500 different diagnosis. grouping program: eg. dx,sex,age... part of PPS
75% Rule	IRF (inpatient Rehab Facilities) must prove that 75% of their patients have 1 of 13 diagnosis otherwise medicare/medicaid do not pay (CA, pul, cardiac rehab do not fall under the dx. These ppl will go to SNFs)
Goal of Rehab	improve the quality of life & help pt reach teh fullest potential, team approach,places family and client at center.
Modern rehab grew from war. Who was a strong influence in this?	WWI, WwII, Korean, Vietnam Howard Rusk
Rehab Act of 1973	encouraged the employment of disabled
What year was ARN formed?	1974
1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act	free education to school age child
The Americans with Diabilities Act (ADA)1990	-public buildings & transportation made accessible to all (disabled) -prevent discrimination in workplace
World Health Organization (WHO) 1980	developed the International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap *WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system.
WHO: define Impairment	A loss or abnormality of a psychological phsyiological, or anatomical structure and funcion -organ level
WHO: define Disability	A restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being -person level
WHO: define Handicap	A disadvantage for a given person resulting from impairment or disability that limits or prevents fulfillment of a role that is normal to that person. -societal level
Medical Model	physician centered -not consistent w/ rehab model
Multidisciplinary Model	-pyramid-like shape -physician on top -communication more vertical -good with unstable team -professionals work in parallel (each works on a goal)
Interdisciplinary Model	-Matrix model -lateral communication -decisions are determined by the group -team goal setting***
Transdisciplinary Model	- lead by primary provider (therapist, nurse, or case manager, or etc.) primary provider receives advice from other disciplines
Client Centered Care	type of client (pediatric, geriatric, spinal cord, BI, etc) -serve specialized pop. -providers gain expertise in specialty
Setting-centered Care	Acute Care Inpatient Day program residential
Provider Centered Care	Nursing Model -primary (led by a primary nurse) -functional (tasks are divided, ex. 1 RN hands out meds) Case Mgr: provide high quality, cost effective care
Code of Ethics for Nurses (ANA) American Nurses Association	nursing stated its ethical foundation in the Code of Ethics
Nursing Social Policy Statement	humans manifest an essential unity of mind, body , and spirit, ex. -health and illness are human experiences. -Both RN and patient are involved -ARN has added 2 more social policy
ARN has added 2 more social policy statements to support ANA	1. Human worth transcends disability 2. rights to decision making
ARN definition of Rehab Nursing	the dx and tx of human responses of individuals & groups to actual or potential health problems relative to altered functional ability and lifestyle.
ARN's mission for Rehab nursing	to promote rehab nursing thru edu. advocacy, collaboration, and research to enhance the quality of life for those affected by disability and chronic illness
Lydia Hall (theorist)	Loeb Center: MD's were consultants Nursing Models Interlocking circles: 1. Core (person), 2. Care (the body), 3. Cure (disease) Set Goals with the client *learning creates max. potential
Lydia Hall (Nursing Models) 1.Acute Care 2. Rehab	1. more medical-focus on cure 2. focus on the core (person)
Imogene King_ Theorist (1981) name her theory	Goal Attainment
Imogene King (1981)-Goal Attainment -name her 3 interacting systems	1. Personal System (an individual) 2. Interpersonal system (2 or more personal systems 3. Social system (social forces) person and nurse function in all 3 systems goals reached thru communication btn rn & client
Imogene King (1981)-Goal Attainment Goal of nursing	to interact puposefully w/ clients to mutually establish goals & a means to achieve them.
Goal Attainment (I.King) discuss the process	-perceptual congruency -Role congruence -communication Interpersonal communication btn nurse and client to decide on mutual goals and produce transactions and **Goal Attainment
Dorothea Orem name her theory	Theory of Self Care deficit
Theory of Self Care Deficit	Dorothea Orem popular in rehab promotes independence and self care give as much care as needed *you determine how much care is needed and what level.
Imogene King name her theory	Goal Attainment
Goal Attainment: name the major concepts	open system social, rational, sentient being, concepts: perception, self, growth, and development, body image, time, and space
Dorothea Orem (Self Care) Types of deficits:	universal; basic physiological developmental * health deviation; changes in health status
D. Orem (Self Care) Example self care limitations	decreased knowledge developmental skills resources energy dec. ability to control body movement, attend, sensory, perceptual judgment * unrecognized need
When self care demands exceed self-care agency, a self-care deficit occurs	Dorothea Orem: Self Care
Knowles' theory of Andragogy	Adult learning: adults need to know why and will take responsibility
Doothea Orem: Interventions: self Care	wholly compensatory partially compensatory supportive education self care needs and the ability to meet those needs RN helps balance the two.
Martha Rogers: unitary	Science of Unitary Human Beings People are viewed as unified wholes, never sum parts _you are w/ ur environment (integrally)
How does Lydia Hall see Person?	a unit of 3 interrelated parts: 1. the person (core) 2. disease & Tx (cure) 3. body (care) people strive for their own goals, behavior is directed more by feelings than knowledge
How does King see the person?	An open system; a social, rational, and sentient being; major concepts include perception, self, growth & devlopmennt, body image, time, and space
How does Orem see the person?	A unity, functioning biologically, symbolically, and socially, who values self-care
How does Rogers see the person?	A unitary human being who cannot separate from environmental knowledge
Ethical Theories: Deontologic	right or wrong doesn't depend on the consequences; it is inherent to act
Ethical Theories: Personalized	no universal laws; allows the person to choose
Ethical Theories: Intuitionist	Uses own morals intuition to decide what is good or bad
Ethical Theories: Utilitarian	Actions lead to the good of the group
Autonomy	self govern
Non-maleficence	Do no harm
beneficence	generous, doing good
advocacy	public support
Veracity	accuracy, truthful
Client Fiduciary	client trust
Primary Nursing	Promote health and prevent Illness
Secondary Nursing	limit disability, early identification and prompt treatment
Tertiary Nursing	Decrease disabilities & impairments caused by an illness or injury
S. Freud's name his theory	Intrapsychic Theory
Intrapsychic theory: Freud Oral phase	(1y): explore thru mouth
Intrapsychic theory: Freud Anal phase	*Anal Phase (18m-3y: emlimination
Intrapsychic theory: Freud Phallic phase	*Phallic Phase (3-6): individuality, gender roles, societies standards
Intrapsychic theory: Freud Latent/genital Phase	(6-12y) latent puberty: genital
Interpersonal Theory Sullivan	development based on repeated experiences thru relationships
Interpersonal Theory Sullivan 7 stages	1.Infancy 2. Childhood 3. Juvenille 4. Preadolescence 5. Early aAdolescence 6. Late Adolescence 7. Adulthood
Social Learning Theory: Erik Erikson What is the basics	interaction btn parent and child is essential to psychological growth * stages of development; master 1 stage before you can move to the next
Name the 8 stages of Social Learning Theory	1. Trust vs. Mistrust (inf.) 2. Autonomy vs.Shame & Doubt (tod.) 3. Initiative vs.Guilt (pre-s) 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (sch) 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (teen) 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 8. Integrity vs. Despa
Who developed the Cognitive Theory?	Piaget
Name the 4 periods of Cognitive Development	Sensorimotor (0-2) Pre-operational (2-7) Concrete (7-11) Formal Operational (11-15)
Who are the 2 behavioral theoriests	Pavlov & Skinner
Pavlov's Theory	Classical Conditioning or Pavlovian Conditioning: induce emotion to a neutral stimulus internal responses: dog&treat
B.F. Skinner's theory	Environmental consequences of behavior theory Operant Conditioning *reinforcement (reward or consequence) learning actions behavior
Who developed the Interactional Model?	Schaie
Interaction Model What are the basic concepts	development focuses on goodness or poorness of fit (consonance or dissonance) dev. occurs w/ consonance progression from dependence to interdependence occurs thru each stage Adaption corresponds w/ the child's chronological age and interest
Kohlberg	extends on Piaget's work males studies only 6 stages of moral development
Moral Theories-Kohlberg Stage 1	5-6y Punishment & obedience
Moral Theories-Kohlberg Stage 2	7-10 Instrumental-relativist orientation
Moral Theories-Kohlberg Stage 3	Age early adolescence: Good boy-Nice girl orientation
Moral Theories-Kohlberg Stage 4	Age adolescent to young adult: Law and Order orientation
Moral Theories-Kohlberg Stage 5	Adult age: social contract-legalistic Orientation
Moral Theories-Kohlberg Stage 6	Age adult: A universal ethical principle orientation
Moral Theory-Gilligan	extends work of Piaget studied female adolescents broad developmental patterns no stages
Gilligan's basic elements of moral judgement	-a definition & development of the self -A description of others in relation to the self -relationships with others
Duvall What was his theory?	Family Theory
Duvall What are the 8 basic tasks of families?	keep the family together maintain resources division of labor social reproduction structure and order motivation & morale
Name Duvall's (Family Theory)'s 8 stages	1. Marriage 2. Infants 3. Pre-school 4. School Age 5. Teenage 6. Families as launching 7. Families of middle years 8. Families in retirement
Stevenson's Family Theory Describe the basics?	4 stages of family development are based on the couple's relationship over time
Name the 4 stages of Stevenson's family development	1. Emerging Family (1-10y) 2. Cystalizing Family (11-15y) 3. Integrating Family (26-40y) 4. Actualizing Family (>40y)
Cranial Nerve 1	Olfactory-sense of smell
CN2	Optic_sense of sight
CN3	Oculomotor-pupil constriction, dialation
CN4	Trochlear-eye movement
CN5	Trigeminal-facial sensation & mastication
CN6	Abducens-eye movement
CN7	Facial-taste sensation & face expression, sense in ear
CN8	Acoustic-hearing & balance (weber & rinne)
CN9	Glossopharyngeal-taste &swallowing
CN10	Vagus-gag-sense and motor, autonomic functions of the viscera
CN11	Spinal Accessory - head /shoulder movement
CN12	Hypoglossal-tongue movement
Glascow Coma Scale	Eye movement, Verbal, Motor 3-15
GCS >13	LOC <20 minutes Mild
GCS 9-12	LOC >20 min. Moderate
GCS <8	Severe Coma, PVS, MCS
Anomia	Inability to name an object (Parietal lobe)
Agraphia	inability to locate words for writing (Parietal lobe)
Alexia	problems reading (Parietal lobe)
Agnosia	difficulty w/ identifying colors Occipital Lobe
Prosopagnosia	difficulty recognizing faces (temporal)
Wernicke's Aphasia	Receptive aphasia *Temporal Lobe
Boca's Aphasia	Expressive Aphasia (Frontal Lobe)
Anosognosia	lack of awareness of disability (Parietal Lobe)
Normal Swallow Name the steps	Oral phase Oral Propulsive Phase Phayngeal Phase Esophageal Phase
Oral Phase of swallowing	bolu formation
Oral Propulsive Phase of swallowing	Oral to pharynx (push to back of throat)
Pharyngeal Phase of swallowing	soft palate closes to prevent nasal regurg, larynx rises & vocal cords close
Esophageal Phase of swallowing	Food moves to stomach
Ischemic Stroke-RIND	Reversible Ischemic Neurological Deficit -takes days to clear (TIA is 24h)
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs: 5 basic needs that motivate human behavior	1. Physiologic 2. Safety & Security 3. Love and belonging 4. Self Esteem 5. Self Actualization
Stroke: Left Hemispheric Damage	R paresis language deficits aware of deficit depressed slow & cautious
Stroke: Right Hemispheric Damage	L paresis visual/spatial deficits unaware of deficit misjudges impulsive cheerful or euphoric short attn span gets lost, spills things
Decorticate posturing	arms flexed, fists clenched, legs extended lesion at or above brain stem *better outcome than decerbrate posturing
Decerebrate posturing	arms extended, forearms pronated intracranial lesion *worse than decorticate posturing
SCI	traumatic insult to the Spinal Cord resulting in alterations of normal motor, sensory, and autonomic function.
Tetraplegia	Quad Injury to one of the 8 Cervical segments of the sc
Paraplegia	T12 or below Impairment or loss of motor or sensory function in the thoracic lumbar, or sacral segments, causing impairment in trunk, legs, and pelvic organs T12 or below
Name the vertebral segments & #	Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacral (5)
What are the leading causes of death for a SCI?	pneumonia, Heart disease. , pulmonary emboli, septicemia
Most common levels of injury	C4-5
describe Spinal Shock	-temporary state of reflex depression of cord function occurring after injury -Inc. BP -flaccid paralysis (inlcuding B&B) -lasts several hours to days
Neurogenic hock	-hypotension -bradycardia -hypothermia -common in injuries above T6 -need to differentiate between spinal and hypovolemic shock
Autonomic Dysreflexia or Hyperreflexia	-medical emergency -injury above T6 (common) -males to females 4:1 -r/t stimulous below injury (B&B, DVT,tight shoes, etc) -s/s: hypertension (20-40 higher than baseline)
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN)	lesions above T12-L1 -no relexes below level of injury (LOI) -spastisity -UMN lie within the spinal cord
Lower Motor Neuron (LMN)	Injury below T12-L1, conus medullaris, cauda equina) -no reflex arc (babinski) -flaccid paralysis -LMNs branch off from spinal cord -
Conus Medullaris Syndrome	damage to the conus and lumbar nerve roots areflexia (flaccidity)in B&B, and lower limbs
Cauda Equina Syndrome	Damage below conus to lumbar (sacral nerve roots) -areflexia in B&B, and lower limbs
Central Cord Syndrome	cervical damage -loss of motor and sensation that affects upper limbs more than lower limbs
Brown-Sequard Syndrome	damage to one side of the cord (hemisection) -loss of motor and position sense on the same side as the damage -loss of pain, temp, & light touch on opposite side
Anterior Cord Syndrome	damage to the anterior artery -affects anterior 2/3rds of cord -paralysis and loss of pain/temp. below the lesion -preservation of position sense
Skeletal level of injury	stable or unstable -radiographic exam shows the greatest damage
Neurological level of injury	most caudal segment with the most normal sensory and motor function on each side of hte body
Complete Injury	an absence of motor and sensory function in the lowest sacral segment
Incomplete Injury	partial preservation of sense & motor below the neurologic level -includes sacral sensation -
ASIA Impairment Scale (1996)	modified version of Frankel Grading System -freguently used scale that reflects severity of impairment
ASIA A	Complete: no sensory or motor function preserved in S4-S5
ASIA B	Incomplete: sensory but not motor function below the neurological level and extends thru S4/5
ASIA C	Incomplete: motor function preserved below the neurological level -muscles are grade 3 or lower`
ASIA D	Incomplete: motor function preserved below the neurological level -muscles are grade 3 or higher
ASIA E	normal: normal sensory and motor function
Sensory Impairment Scale Scores:	0=absent 1=impaired 2=normal NT= not tested
Other tests for SCI	-Motor Grading Scale -Spinal Cord Independence Scale Measure (16 items) -Quadriplegic Index of Function -Modified Barthel Index (15 items)
Spinal Cord Anatomy: Begins?	caudal end of medulla oblongata
Spinal Cord Anatomy: Exits?	cranial vault through foramen magnum
Spinal Cord Anatomy: Adult spinal cord terminates where?	L1 & L2
Spinal Cord Anatomy: Conus Medullaris	(T10-T12)
Spinal Cord Anatomy: Cauda Equina	peripheral spinal nerves
Muscle grade	0=absent 1=trace 2=weak 3=against gravity 4=stronger 5=normal
UMN or LMN? damage above conus medullaris?	UMN
UMN or LMN? damage occurs in conus medullaris or sacral nerve roots in cauda equina	LMN
UMN or LMN? flaccid paralysis	LMN
UMN or LMN? muscle tone	UMN
UMN or LMN? spastisity	UMN
UMN or LMN? absent reflexes	LMN
UMN or LMN? loss of sphincter tone	LMN
UMN or LMN? Babinski's sign (positive relexes)	UMN
List UMN signs (lie within the cord)	muscle tone spastisity positive reflexes
List LMN signs (branch off from the Spinal Cord)	flaccid paralysis loss of muscle absent reflexes (no babinski) no sphincter tone
Respiratory Evaluation r/t SCI C1-3 C4-C8	c1-3:NO diaphragm (vent) c4-8: no intercostals or abdominals t1-t6: intercostals but no abs t6-t12: intercostals & some abs L1: normal resp.
Neurogenic Bowel: Spastic Bowel or Reflexic Bowel	Reflexic or UMN bowel positive BCR normal function slow paristalis
Neurogenic Bowel: Flaccid (autonomus, areflexic, atonal)	Areflexic or LMN bowel neg. BCR slow paristalis flaccid bowel
Neurogenic Bladder: Spastic bladder or Reflexic bladder	UMN stimulation of relex crede valsalva IC relex voiding
Neurogenic Bowel: Flaccid (autonomus, areflexic, atonal)	LMN IC caution for over filling bladder
Joint Commission coin term	health care organization accreditation compliance
CARF coin phrase	Rehab facility accreditation conformance
tracemaker	follows a patient through a day JC uses this alot
World Health Organization (2001) International Classification of Functioning CIF	WHO voted on 2001 Individual & population (international) classification of health & related domains that describe 1.body 2.individual 3. societal perspectives 4. environmental factors
IFPAI Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument	data collection intrument for Inpatient Rehad facilities (IRFs) Prospective Payment System (medicare/caid) *uses FIM
Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory	6mo-7r self care, mobility, and social (weeFIM grades self care, mobility , & cognition)
Models for Performance Improvement	ANA & ARN
Performance Indicators	quantitative values that show a successful outcome to stakeholders
When asessing the efficiency, & effectivness of rehab, an organization must show...Reliability & Validity. define both	Reliability: reproducibility of an instrument's findings Validity: ability of the tool to measure what it was designed or intended to measure.
Brainstorming	team members create as many creative ideas as possible
Cause and effect diagram	Fishbone Diagram
Affinity diagram	gathers large amount of information into groupings
Check sheet	teams record and collect data from various sources so that patterns and trends are identified.
run chart	visual display data
histogram	reviews the amount of variation within the process
scatter diagram	used to study the possible cause and effect relationship between 2 variables
control chart	used to monitor, control , and improve variances similar to run chart but w/ statistical upper and lower
flowchart	a pictorial rep of various steps
Force Field analysis	indentifies force in place that affect an issue or problem
Pareto Chart	bar graphs
What did ANA develop in 1973?	generic standards of nursing practice for quality
What did ANA develop in 1974?	standards of practice for Rehab nursing practice
JC's Plan Do Check Act
Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model	sees the person as "a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment"
ADA	Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 -public buildings & transportation made accessible to all (disabled) -prevent discrimination in workplace
Braden Scale	Scale for wound risk. Assess on admission, quarterly, p/ chg, & return home
CMS (Centers for Medicaid/care Services)	Center for Medicaid/Medicare Services (MDS)Minimum Data Set (OASIS) Outcomes and Assessment Information Set *PPS (Prospective Payment System)
OSHA(Occupational Safety & Health Administration)	is the main federal agency charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation
SSA (Social Security Administration)	Social security check (disability check) <65y and "fully insured" amount payable in retirement
workers Comp	injured workers (state)
Autonomy	pt has right to choose; self-determination
nonmaleficience	do no harm
beneficence	doing good
Advocacy	standing form client (loyalty)
client fiduciary	recognize cost to client when provided or do not provide treatments
reciprocity	the practice of changing things for one's benefit *develop one's talents, integrity- to be true to oneself, impartial, consistent, having respect for client's goals
Fidelity	faithfulness, always keep promises
Estate Planning	long-term planning for future care and expenses