| Question | Answer |
| The spinal cord contains ascending and descending nerve fibers that send information between the CNS and the periphery. This illustrates which function of the spinal cord? | Conduction |
| Where does the spinal cord arise from the medulla oblongata? | At the foramen magnum |
| Which are a series of fibrous connective tissue membranes covering the central nervous system? | Meninges |
| The matter that is composed of myelinated and unmyelinated axons and is superficial to the gray matter of the spinal cord is called ________ matter. | white |
| Within the spinal cord, which tracts carry information up to the brain? | Ascending |
| Functions of the spinal cord: | Reflexes
Conduction
Locomotion
Neural Integration |
| Which viral disease results in the destruction of motor neurons? | Poliomyelitis |
| In an adult, the spinal cord ends at which vertebra? | L1 |
| A nerve fiber refers to which part of a neuron? | Axon |
| Place the meninges in order from superficial (at the top) to deep (at the bottom). | Dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater |
| How many spinal nerves are there in order from superior (top) to inferior (bottom)? | 8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal |
| White matter has a pearly white appearance due to the presence of which of the following?
Glial cells
Fibrous connective tissue
Dendrites
Myelin | Myelin |
| The anterior rami of spinal nerves form which nerve plexuses?
Cervical, lumbar, sacral
Thoracic, lumbar, sacral
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar
Cervical, thoracic, sacral | Cervical, lumbar, sacral |
| Within the spinal cord, which tracts carry motor signals down from the brain? | Descending |
| True or False:
Severing a sensory nerve root will completely deaden sensation from a dermatome. | False
There typically is some overlap between dermatomes, so even if a sensory root is severed, the neighboring nerve may still provide adequate sensory innervation. |
| The poliovirus destroys which neurons in the brainstem and anterior horn of the spinal cord? | Motor |
| A rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus is a(n) | Reflex |
| What is a nerve? | A cord of nerve fiber bundles bound together by connective tissue |
| Where are muscle spindles? | Embedded in muscles |
| How many spinal nerves are in each region of the spinal cord in order from superior to inferior? | 8,12,5,5,1 |
| A reflex arc that consists of only one synapse between two neurons is called a(n) __________ reflex arc. | Monosynaptic |
| Which structures contribute to nerve plexuses?
Posterior ram
Rami communicantes
Anterior rami | Anterior rami |
| What effect does severing a sensory root that innervates a dermatome have? | Some sensation may remain. |
| What is a quick, involuntary, stereotyped response to a stimulus is called? | Reflex |
| Which reflex is ipsilateral? | Flexor |
| What is a muscle spindle? | A type of stretch receptor embedded in skeletal muscle |
| The crossed ________ reflex is contralateral. | Extension |
| In a monosynaptic synapse, how many synapses occur between the afferent and efferent neuron? | 1 |
| Which reflex occurs in response to excessive tension on a tendon? | Inhibition of the muscle |
| nerve plexuses of the body. | Brachial
Lumbar
Cervical
Sacral |
| True or False:
Severing a sensory nerve root will completely deaden sensation from a dermatome. | False |
| True or false:
The flexor reflex uses an ipsilateral reflex arc. | True
The flexion resulting from a flexor reflex occurs on the same side of the body and is ipsilateral. |
| Which reflex is contralateral? | Crossed extension reflex |
| A reflex that occurs in response to excessive tension on a tendon is called a(n) _______ reflex | Tendon |
| Which structures contribute to nerve plexuses? | Anterior rami |
| Which occurs in a flexor reflex? | Withdrawal of a limb from a harmful stimulus |
