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US history regents

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Created by: zkan

Question	Answer
Proclamation of 1763	Line created by British that colonists could not cross. Created to prevent conflicts between colonists and Native Americans.
French & Indian War	Colonists fought with Britain against France and its Indian allies Britain took control of Ohio River Valley
Mercantilism	Colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country Colonies provide natural resources Britain did not want colonies manufacturing their own goods Salutary neglect**
New England Colonies	Trading and fishing Rocky soil – no plantations or slaves
Southern Colonies	Plantations & slaves
Common Sense	Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine Kings are bad – colonies need independence
Natural Rights	Rights that all people are born with (John Locke’s Enlightenment Idea) Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Included in the Declaration of Independence
Self Government	Mayflower Compact Virginia House of Burgesses Early forms of democracy or republics
Declaration of Independence	Written by Thomas Jefferson Declared colonies’ independence from Britain Included colonial grievances and natural rights
Revolutionary War	War between Britain and the colonists – Taxation without Representation America won its Independence from Britain
Articles of Confederation	First plan for government – (Shay’s Rebellion) failed and replaced by Constitution National government too weak & State governments too powerful National government couldn’t collect taxes Only 1 branch of government – Legislative (Congress) No Presid
Land Ordinances	Land Ordinance of 1785 & Northwest Ordinance Set a pattern of development of new territories Provided guidelines for new states to be admitted
Constitution	A written plan for government Replaced the Articles of Confederation Gave more power to the national government
Ratify	To approve Constitution had to be ratified (approved) before it could be used
Federalist/Antifederalist	First political parties Federalists – favored a strong national (federal) government Supported the Constitution Wrote the Federalist Papers to gain support for the Constitution Led by Hamilton Antifederalists – favored strong state governments W
Alexander Hamilton	Wanted a National Bank Had a plan to get rid of the National Debt Wanted to strengthen America’s economy
Cabinet	President’s advisors Chosen by the President Example of Unwritten Constitution Head of national departments (Ex. Secretary of State)
Federalism	Power is shared between the states and the national government Reserved Powers = State Powers Delegated Powers = National powers Concurrent Powers = Shared powers
Checks & Balances	Ways that each branch of government can control (check) the other 2 branches. Examples: veto, impeach, appoint justices, approve appointments, approve treaties, laws ruled unconstitutional
Separation of Powers	National government power separated into 3 branches o Legislative Branch – Congress o Executive Branch – President – Commander & Chief o Judicial Branch – Supreme Court
Great Compromise	Compromise between New Jersey and Virginia Plans Created a bicameral (2 house) legislative branch (Congress) o Senate – 2 for each state o House of Representatives – based on a state’s population
Unwritten Constitution	Parts of our government that are needed but not actually found in the Constitution Examples: President’s Cabinet, Political Parties, Judicial Review
Amendment	An addition or change to the Constitution “Flexibility”
Elastic Clause	Part of the Constitution that allowed for change – synonym of amendment Allows government to make laws to fit a changing society – Necessary & Proper Clause Implied Powers Examples: Louisiana Purchase, FCC, minimum wage, ect.
Electoral College	Each state gets electoral votes, same as number of total representatives Popular vote in each state determines the electoral votes Criticized because electoral vote doesn’t always reflect popular vote
Bill of Rights	1st 10 amendments Anti-federalists wanted it added Protects our rights from the government Examples: Freedom of speech, religion, due process – fair trial
Washington’s Farewell	Washington wanted the country to stay neutral Proclamation of neutrality US was not strong enough to get involved with other countries, might lose new independence
Laissez Faire	Government should leave businesses alone, keep their nose out of businesses
Lobbying	Special interest groups that influence legislatures to get laws passed Example of unwritten constitution Lobbyists are criticized for having too much influence on legislatures
John Marshall Court	Supreme Court Justice, all decisions led to the power of the national government increasing
Marbury v. Madison	Supreme Court case that established judicial review
Judicial Review	Power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional Established by Marbury v. Madison Example of unwritten constitution
Louisiana Purchase	Doubled the size of the US Bought by Jefferson US farmers gained control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
Embargo Act	Jefferson passed a law that banned trade with all other countries Helped keep the US neutral Hurt the US, was intended to hurt Britain and France
War of 1812	War between Britain and the US Britain was impressing US sailors and arming Native Americans Francis Scott Key wrote “Star Spangled Banner” about battle of Fort Mchenry