| Question | Answer |
| The _______ system helps keep the body in homeostasis by removing and restoring selected amounts of solutes and water from the blood. | urinary |
| The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the ______ | urethra |
| The _______ are the main filtering organs of the urinary system, producing the urine. | kidneys |
| _____ consists of urea, excess water, excess ions and toxic wastes that may ahve been consumed with food. | urine |
| The kidneys perform ___ functions as they daily filter the blood. | six |
| The _____ are the major excretory organs of the body, filtering large amounts of fluids from the bloodstream | kidneys |
| kidneys maintain blood volume and concentration by maintaining proper ___________ | ion concentrations |
| Kidneys control the proper ______ ion concentration of the blood. | hydrogen |
| The kidneys produce the enzyme _____ which helps maintain blood pressure | renin |
| The kidneys produce the protein hormone _________, which stimulates red blood cell production | erythropoietin |
| The kidneys convert vitamin D to its active form _________ | calciferol |
| The kidneys are located just above the waist between the _______ and the posterior wall of the abdomen. | parietal peritoneum |
| The _____ is a notch in the concave center of each kidney through which a ureter leaves the kidney | hilum |
| ____ layers of tissue surround each kidney | three |
| The innermost layer of the kidney is the ________ | renal capsule |
| the renal capsule acts as a barrier against infection and ______ | trauma |
| The second layer of the kidney is the _________, a mass of fatty tissue that protects the kidney from blows. | adipose capsule |
| The outtermost layer of the kidney is the ________ that anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall | renal fascia |
| The outter area of a kidney is called the _______ | cortex |
| the inner area of a kidney is called the ______ | medulla |
| Within the medulla are striated, triangular structures called the _________ | renal pyramid. |
| The cortical material that extends between the renal pyramids is called the _________ | renal columns |
| The cortex and renal pyramids make up the ________ of the kidney. | parenchyma |
| the parenchyma of the kidney is composed of millions of microscopic units called _______. | nephrons |
| The _______ are the functional units of the kidneys | nephrons |
| the tip of each renal pyramid is surrounded by a funnel shaped structure called a __________ | minor calyx |
| a ________ collects urine from the ducts of the renal pyramids. | minor calyx |
| The major calyces foin to form the large collecting funnel called the ________ | renal pelvis |
| the renal pelvis narrows to form the ______ | ureter |
| a _______ is a microscopic renal tubule and its vascular component | nephron |
| The nephron begins as a double walled globe know as _______________ | bowmans glomerular capsule |
| The right and left renal arteries transport ____ ml of blood to thekidneys every minute | 1200 |
| The arteries branch and pass between the renal pyramids in the renal columns as the ________ arteries. | interlobar |
| At the base of the pyramids, interlobar arters arch as the _______ arteries found between the cortex and the medulla | arcuate |
| branches of the arcuate arteries become the __________ arteries | interlobular |
| interlobular arteries branch into afferent _______ in the cortex | arterioles |
| afferent arterioles divide into the capillary network called the ________ | glomerulus |
| Glomerular capillaries reunite to form the _________ arteriole, which exits the capsule of the glomerulus. | efferent |
| efferent arterioles divide to form ________ capillaries, which surround the confoluted tubules of the nephron. | peritubular |
| peritubular capillaries reunite to form an ________ vein, which connects with the arcuate vein at the base of the pyramid. | interlobular |
| arcuate veins connect to ________ veins found between the pyramids int he renal columns. | interlobar |
| Interlobar veins unite at the right and left ______ veins that exit the kidney at the hilum. | renal |
| The nerve supply to the kidney is the _________ of the autonomic nervous system. | renal plexus |
| _______ control blood concentration andvolume by removing selected amounts of water and solutes, regulate ph and remove toxic waste from the blood. | nephrons |
| urine forms by glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion, all of which occur in the ________ | nephrons |
| ___________ removes water and dissolved substances from the plasma of blood. | glomerular filtration |
| ____________ transports substances from the tubular fluid into the blood of the peritubular capillaries. | tubular reabsorption |
| __________ reabsorbs glucose | active transport |
| ______ reabsorbs water | osmosis |
| ________ moves these substances from the plasma in the peritubular capillary into the fluid of the renal tubule | tubular secretion |
| _____ consists of 95 percent water | urine |
| each of the two ureters begins as an extension of the ________ of a kidney and connects to the urinary bladder | renal pelvis |
| The function of the ______ is to transport urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder. | ureters |
| urine moves mainly by ________ contractions of the smooth muscle walls | peristaltic |
| The urinary bladder is held in position by folds of _________ in the pelvic cavity | peritoneum |
| the two openings of the ureters and the single opening into the urethra outline a smooth triangular region called the _______ | trigone |
| the bladder wall is composed of three layers of smooth muscle called the _______ muscle | detrusor |
| urine is expelled from the bladder by an act known as _________ | micturition |
