| Question | Answer |
| Combining form teeth (2) | dento, odonto |
| Combining form for mouth | stomato |
| Combining form for tongue (2) | glosso, linguo |
| Combining form for lips | cheilo |
| Combining form for gums | gingivo |
| Combining form for esophagus | esophago |
| Combining form for stomach | gastro |
| Combining form for small intestine | entero |
| Combining form for duodenum | duodeno |
| Combining form for jejunum | jejuno |
| Combining form for ileum | ileo |
| Combining form for large intestine | colo |
| Combining form for sigmoid colon | sigmoido |
| Combining form for rectum | recto |
| Combining form for anus and rectum | procto |
| Combining form for liver | hepato |
| Combining form for gallbladder | cholecysto |
| Combining form for pancreas | pancreato |
| Suffix for inflammation | itis |
| Suffix for study of | ist |
| Suffix for paralysis | plegia |
| Suffix for surgical repair | plasty |
| Suffix for excision | ectomy |
| Suffix for contraction | spasm |
| Suffix for stretching or dilatation | ectasia |
| Suffix for study of | logy |
| Suffix for make a surgical artificial opening in the colon | ostomy |
| Suffix for hemorrhage | rrhagia |
| Suffix for stitching or suturing | rrhaphy |
| Suffix for incision into | tomy |
| Suffix for washing or irrigation | clysis |
| Suffix for procedure used to look into an organ or body cavity | scopy |
| Suffix for prolapse | ptosis |
| Suffix for herniation | cele |
| Suffix for instrument used to examine | scope |
| Suffix for enlarged | megaly |
| Suffix for picture or record | gram |
| Suffix for stone | lith |
| Combining form for fungus | myco |
| Stoma | Greek word for mouth |
| Stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| Pain in the mouth | stomatalgia |
| Stomatoplasty | surgical repair of the mouth |
| Hemorrhage of the mouth | stomatorrhagia |
| Condition of the mouth | stomatomycosis |
| Any disease of the mouth | stomatopathy |
| Microscope | is an instrument for examining something small |
| An instrument for examining the mouth is a | stomatoscope |
| The process of examining with this instrument is | stomatoscopy |
| Glossitis | means inflammation of the tongue |
| Glossectomy | means excision of the tongue |
| Pain in the tongue | glossalgia |
| Pertaining to the tongue | glossal or sublingual |
| Hypo | prefix meaning below or under |
| Hypoglossal | under the tongue |
| A medication that is administered under the tongue is a | hypoglossal or sublingual medication |
| Nitroglycerin tablets are administered | sublingually |
| Prolapse of the tongue | glossoptosis |
| Examination of the tongue | glossoscopy |
| Paralysis of the tongue | glossoplegia |
| Cheilitis | inflammation of the lips |
| Cheiloplasty | plastic surgery of the lips |
| Incision of the lips | cheilotomy |
| Condition or disorder of the lips | cheilosis |
| Plastic surgery of the lips and mouth | cheilostomatoplasty |
| Gingival | pertaining to the gums |
| Inflammation of the gums | gingivitis |
| Gum pain | gingivalgia |
| Excision of the gum tissue | gingivotomy |
| Inflammation of the gums and tongue | gingivoglossitis |
| Tongue and gums | linguogingival |
| Mastication | process of chewing |
| Peristalsis | smooth muscle contractions pushing food down esophagus to stomach |
| Ingestion | process of swallowing |
| Digestion | chemical breakdown of food |
| Absorption | movement of nutrients intestine to the blood |
| Defacation | expelling of solid waste |
| Solid waste material | feces or stool |
| Eso | means in or toward |
| Phago | means swallow |
| Esophago | is used in words about the esophagus |
| Pertaining to the esophagus | Esophageal |
| Stenosis | is a condition of narrowing that may occur in a tube or passageway |
| Mitral stenosis | – is a narrowing of the mitral valve opening in the heart |
| Esophagostenosis | is a narrowing of the esophagus |
| A person experiencing dysphagia may have a narrowing of the esophagus or | esophagostenosis |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes gastric &duodenal juices to enter and irritate the esophagus |
| Gastrorrhagia | means stomach hemorrhage |
| Gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| Gastric | pertaining to the stomach |
| Helicobacter pylori (HP) | an organism that has been found to be a common cause of gastritis in children and adults |
| HP | is transmitted through contamination with gastrointestinal substances such as vomit or feces. |
| Symptoms of HP infection | include epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and dyspepsia. |
| HP is treated with | antibiotics and H2 antagonists (gastric secretion inhibitors) |
| ectasia (or ectasis) | is a suffix meaning stretching or dilatation |
| Dilatation (stretching) of the stomach | gastrectasia |
| Prolapse of the stomach and small intestine | gastroenteroptosis |
| Entero | used in words about the small intestine or intestine in general |
| Inflammation of the stomach | gastritis |
| The internal medicine specialty that studies diseases of the stomach and intestine is | gastroenterology |
| Dys | prefix means difficult or pain |
| Dysentery | is a disorder of the intestine characterized by inflammation, pain, diarrhea. |
| When caused by an amoeba type parasite, it is called | amoebic dysentery |
| Pertaining to the stomach and small intestine | gastroenteric |
| Hemorrhage of the small intestine | enterorrhagia |
| Intestinal hernia | enterocele |
| Washing or irrigation of the small intestine | enterocylsis |
| Paralysis of the small intestine | enteroplegia |
| Dilatation of the small intestine | enterectasia |
| Enteroptosis | means prolapse of the small intestine |
| Enterocentesis | means surgical puncture of the small intestine |
| Colo | is the combining form for colon (small intestine) |
| Colic or colonic | means pertaining to the colon or large intestine |
| Colocentesis | means surgical puncture of the colon |
| Surgical fixation of the colon | colopexy |
| Making a new opening into the colon | colostomy |
| Prolapse of the colon | coloptosis |
| Diverticula | (singular, diverticulum) are outpouchings or pockets that develop in the colon wall |
| The presence of diverticula is a condition called | diverticulosis |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula |
| Clysis | is a suffix meaning washing or irrigation. |
| Irrigation of the colon | coloclysis |
| Irrigation of the stomach | gastroclysis |
| Irrigation of the small intestine using contrast media to better view the small intestine on x rays is called | enteroclysis |
| An instrument to examine the small intestine is the | enteroscope |
| Sigmoido | refers to the sigmoid colon |
| An instrument used to examine the sigmoid colon is the | sigmoidoscope |
| The procedure is called | sigmoidoscopy |
| The combining form for the rectum is | recto |
| Rectal means pertaining to the | rectum |
| A rectocele is a rectal hernia or | herniation of the rectum |
| Washing or irrigation of the rectum | rectoclysis |
| Instrument for examining the rectum | rectoscope |
| Pertaining to the colon and rectum | colorectal |
| The process of examining the rectum with a rectoscope is called | rectoscopy |
| Using a rectoscopy, the physician is performing a | rectoscopic examination |
| Sigmoidoscopy | is done using an endoscope introduced through the anus and rectum to the sigmoid colon |
| Plastic surgery of the rectum | rectoplasty |
| Suturing (stitching) of the rectum | rectorrhaphy |
| Pertaining to the rectum and urethra | rectourethral |
| Incision of the bladder through the rectum | rectocystotomy |
| Procto | is the combining form for anus and rectum |
| A proctologist is one who | specializes in diseases of the anus and rectum |
| Proctology | is the study of diseases of the anus and rectum |
| Washing or irrigation of anus and rectum | proctoclysis |
| Paralysis of the anus and rectum | proctoplegia |
| A proctologist examines the rectum and anus with a | proctoscope |
| Examination using proctoscope is | proctoscopy |
| Suturing of the rectum and anus | proctorrhaphy |
| Surgical fixation of the rectum and anus | proctopexy |
| Catharsis | comes from Greek work katharsis meaning purification |
| An emotional release from anxiety | catharsis |
| Psychoanalysis | creates an experience of emotional release or catharsis |
| Cathartics | cause liquification of the stool or relaxation of the bowel to ease defecation prod. physical relief. |
| Another name for laxative is | cathartic |
| Infrequent or small amount of bowel movement is an indication of | constipation |
| Hepato | combining form for liver, comes from Greek word hepar |
| Hepatic | means pertaining to the liver |
| Hepatomegaly means | enlargement of the liver |
| Inspection (examination) of the liver | hepatoscopy |
| Any disease of the liver | hepatopathy |
| Incision into the liver | hepatotomy |
| Excision of (part of) the liver | hepatectomy |
| Inflammation of the liver | hepatitis |
| Hepatitis B | is a serious condition of the liver caused by a viral infection. |
| Hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B) may be administered as an immunization protection against | hepatitis |
| How many types of viral hepatitis? | 5 |
| What are the three most common? | Hepatitis A, B and C |
| Hepatitis A (HAV infection) | is an acute infection associated with food or water that is contaminated by human waste |
| Hepatitis B (HBV infection) | is classified as an STD and is transmitted by blood and body fluids |
| Hepatitis C (HCV infection) | is a chronic condition usually passed through the blood |
| Pancreatic | means pertaining to the pancreas |
| Pancreatolysis | means destruction of pancreatic tissue |
| A stone or calculus in the pancreas | pancreatolith |
| Any pancreatic disease | pancreatopathy |
| Excision of part or all of the intestine | pancreatectomy |
| Incision into the pancreas | pancreatotomy |
| Cholelithiasis | is a condition in which gallstones have formed in the gallbladder |
| Cholecystograph or cholecystogram | an x ray of the gallbladder |
| Pancreatitis | occurs when choleliths lodge in the biliary duct blocking bile flow or in the pancreatic ducts |
| Graph | – originally meant machine, but in practice it has come to mean the x |
| Inflammation of the pancreas | pancreatitis |
| Inflammation of the gallbladder | cholecystitis |
| What is used to insert a cannula (tube) into the common bile duct or pancreatic duct? | Endoscope |
| ERCP | when contrast media is introduced to take and xray of the common bile duct or pancreatic duct |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| Hemorrhage of the liver | hepatorrhagia |
| Suture of a wound of the liver | hepatorrhaphy |
| Hernia of the liver | hepatocele |
| Pain in the liver | hepatodynia |
| Stone in the liver | hepatolith |
| Atresia | literally means not perforated or not open. |
| Biliary atresia | is a condition in which the bile ducts are not open |
| A congenital condition in which a part of the intestine is closed is intestinal | atresia |
| If a baby is born with esophageal atresia, the esophagus would be | closed |
| In the heart, congenital closure of the mitral valve is | mitral atresia |
| Bile backs up into the liver if the ducts are closed or blocked, called | biliary atresia |
| Cirrhosis | liver disease |
| Kirrhos | Greek means orange yellow |
| Cirrhosis | occurs as a result of malnutrition, alcoholism, poisoning or a history of hepatitis |
| Chronic alcoholism or hepatitis may lead to a dysfunctional liver disease called | cirrhosis |
| Spleno | used in words about the spleen |
| Excision of the spleen | splenectomy |
| Enlargement of the spleen | splenomegaly |
| Prolapse of the spleen | splenoptosis |
| Surgical fixation of the spleen | splenopexy |
| Any disease of the spleen | splenopathy |
| Suture of the spleen | splenorrhaphy |
| Hemorrhage from the spleen | splenorrhagia |
| Splenalgia | pain in the spleen |
| Splenic | means pertaining to the spleen |
| Anastomosis | is a surgical connection between tubular structures |
| Combining form for esophagus | esophago |
| Anastomosis of stomach, small intestine, and large intestine | gastroenterocolostomy |
| Anastomosis of the esophagus and stomach | esophagogastrostomy |
| Anastomosis of the small intestine and gallbladder | enterocholecystostomy |
| Jejunoileitis | inflammation of the jejunum and ileum |
| Cholecystoduodenostomy | new opening between the duodenum and gallbladder |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) | examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| Cholangiopancreatography | x-ray of the biliary and pancreatic ducts |
| BM | bowel movement |
| PO | by mouth (Latin: per os), orally |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| Hep B | hepatitis B vaccine |
| HAV | hepatitis A virus |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| HP | Helicobacter pylori |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| GB | gallbladder |
| NG | nasogastric |
| HCL | hydrochloric acid |
| BE | Barium enema |
| Front | anterior |
| Ejecting from the stomach through the mouth | vomiting |
| Bleed | hemorrhage |
| Pertaining to the nose and stomach | nasogastric |
| Instrument used to look into | endoscope |
| Pertaining to mucosa | mucosal |
| Breathe in (suck in) | aspirate |
| Having the same concentration | isotonic |
| Sore | ulcer |
| Pertaining to the stomach and intestine | gastrointestinal |
| Black, old blood | melenic |
| Low blood pressure | hypotensive |
| First part of small intestine | duodenal |
| Clots | thrombi |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy | EGD |
