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Created by: SamanthaWashburn

Question	Answer
NEMS Indications	Muscle re-education Denervated muscle Maintain ROM Prevent Joint contracture and atrophy Increase Blood Flow Decrease swelling and scar tissue formation
NEMS Contraindications	Cardiac Disability Demand Pacemaker Pregnant Tumor Infection Exposed metal implants Sensitive nerve areas Carotid Sinus Esophagus Larynx Pharynx Eye Upper Thorax Temporal region CV or NV impairment DVT Fracture Seizures
Cryotherapy Effects	Vasoconstriction Decrease; pain, swelling, spasm, cell metabolism and waste, nerve conduction velocity, muscle force
Cryotherapy Indications	Acute injury, swelling, pain Chronic pain With rehab 1st degree burns Post surgical pain and edema Acute or chronic muscle spasm Neoplasm
Cryotherapy Contraindications	CV or Respiratory issues Raynauds Open wounds Advanced diabetes Circulation issues Cold allergy or urticaria Peripheral vascular disease lupus
Thermotherapy Effects	Vasodialation Remove metabolic waste Increase rate of cell metabolism, delivery of leukocytes, capillary permeability, venous/ lymph drainage, collagen elasticity, HR, resp, blood flow, body temp. Decrease BP, stiffness, muscle tone, spasm, sub swell
Thermotherapy Indications	Subacute and chronic pain, swelling, spasm ROM Hematoma Joint contracture
Thermotherapy Contraindications	Acute injuries Impaired Circulation Advanced Arthritis Poor temperature regulation Anasthesia Tumor DVT Active infections Mentally impaired High blood pressure
TENS Indications	Acute, chronic, post surgical, or post traumatic subacute pain
TENS Contraindications	Central or unknown pain Pacemaker Pregnancy Transthoracically Transcranially Eye Carotid Sinus Heart
Massage Indications	Break adhesions and pain spasm cycle Increase BF, lymph drainage, venous return, ROM, and muscle length Decrease edema and muscle tone Sedate nerve ends Relaxation
Massage Contraindications	Acute sprain or strain Active swelling Fracture CV or Circulatory issues Rash DVT Pulmonary embolism Open ulcer Vericose veins Infection Cancer Traumatic Arthritis RA Ossification Arterioclerosis Hemorrhage
Massage Precautions	If over an area of decreased sensation, decrease pressure. Do not massage if swelling is d/t CV insufficiency, kidney or liver disease, or pleaural effusion
Ultrasound Indications	Sprain Strain Contusion Enhance soft tissue and bone healing Phonophoresis
Ultrasound Contraindications	Impaired Circulation or sensation Epiphyseal Eyes, reproductive, heart, carotid sinus Spinal cord/laminectomy Cemented joint prosthesis Cancer Hemophiliac Large arteries Acute bursitis Arterio/atherosclerosis X-ray/radiation/isotope
Ultrasound Thermal Effects	Increases tissue temperature and elasticity, blood flow, metabolism, and nerve pain threshold
Ultrasound Non-Thermal Effects	Increases enzyme activity, metabolic rate, cell permeability (cavitation), blood flow, healing, tensile strength of collagen Waste removal Tissue regeneration Unidirectional flow of fluids Decreases pain and spasm
IFC Indications	Acute or Chronic pain Spasm
IFC Contraindications	Pregnant Thrombophlebitis CV disease Cancerous lesion 3 deg strains Demand pacemaker Bone implant Skin disease Transthoracically Transcranially Eyes Carotid sinus stellate ganglion Chronic pain without known cause