| Term | Definition |
| the correct order of the four major layers of the Earth, from the innermost to outermost | inner core, outer core, mantle, crust |
| The inner core is thought to consist primarily of: | iron. |
| statements about the study of the interior of the Earth | -The velocity of seismic waves varies with the density of the material.
-S-waves cannot pass through the liquid outer core.
-Data from seismic waves can be used to produce three-dimensional tomographs. |
| Oceanic crustal rock is best described as: | high in magnesium, iron, and calcium |
| statements about the lithosphere | -Seismic waves travel more slowly through the aesthenosphere than the lithosphere.
-The Moho is the boundary between the crust and the upper mantle.
-The lithosphere is less dense than the aethenosphere |
| The principle explaining the variable bouyancy of crustal material is | isostasy |
| early theorys about the "fit" of the continents across the Atlantic Ocean | -an unexplained cataclysmic event
-subsidence theory of separation
-continental drift |
| palaeogeographic relationships | -Gondwanaland, southern continents
-Laurasia, northern continents
-Pangaea, super continent |
| describe mid-ocean rises | -gently sloped compared to mid-ocean ridges
-narrow zones of volcanic activity
-highest elevation along central axis |
| cited as evidence of plate motion | -earthquakes landward of subduction zones
-variability of heat flow through the ocean crust
-mirror images of polarity reversals on each side of mid-ocean ridges |
| The theory of plate motion has been tested by | -temperature probes on the ocean floor
-radiometric dating of seafloor rocks
-recording the magnetic polarity of minerals in the crust |
| Of the following statements about the Earth's plates, which is correct? | New lithosphere is formed at divergent plate boundaries. |
| Rifting is closely associated with all but which of the following features or processes? | A) divergent zones
B) grabens
C) mid-ocean ridges
This is the correct answer.
D) subduction |
| Which of the following features is not associated with subduction? | This is the correct answer.
A) basaltic volcanism and rifting
B) andesitic volcanism
C) crumpled and fractured continental rocks
D) volcanic island arc chains |
| Passive continental margins are characterized by: | wide, seismically quiet coastal zones |
| statements about hot spots | A) As oceanic crust cools, it subsides.
B) The youngest peak in a chain of seamounts is over the hot spot.
C) Guyots are islands that have subsided beneath the surface. |
| describe the history of the continents. | -Pangaea broke apart about 200 million years ago.
-The Walvis Ridge is a chain of seamounts connecting the Mid-Atlantic ridge with Africa.
-Through wandering, plates may show evidence of climates related to previous locales. |
| Remnants of small crustal fragments that are accreted to larger crusts are termed: | A) cratons.
B) cretins.
This is the correct answer.
C) terranes.
D) vents. |
| describe hydrothermal vents? | -Hydrothermal vent activity is known to occur at seafloor spreading centers.
-Vents occur over some of the thickest portions of oceanic crust.
-Minerals may precipitate rapidly out of super heated plumes of water. |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes vent communities? | Vent communities rely on bacteria that thrive on minerals in the hydrothermal plumes. |
| a line of indirect evidence that leads us to believe that the Earth has a layered structure? | -The density of the Earth is greater than the density of the surface rocks on Earth.
-The Earth's magnetic field indicates that the center must be composed of magnetic material.
-The composition of some meteorites, which are believed to be of the same m |
| What does the Moho represent? | A chemical boundary between the crust and mantle. |
| Where is measured heat flow greatest along the oceanic crust? | In the center of ocean basins nearest the mid ocean ridges |
| true about earthquakes | -They are commonly associated with subduction zones.
-Earthquakes with a deeper focus tend to occur farther inland.
-They are used to characterize the density and composition of the interior of the Earth. |
| Which is an example of an active continental rift? | East Africa |
| Which type of crust will subduct most rapidly? | Old oceanic crust |
| The Philippines are the result of what type of plate boundary? | Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent |
