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EUH Test 2

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Question	Answer
Responded to Tiberius Gracchus with fear, because they believed he was a democratic demagogue seeking to establish a tyranny. by reelecting him to an unprecedented second consecutive term. by electing him consul for seven	with fear, because they believed he was a democratic demagogue seeking to establish a tyranny.
The most influential Stoic philosopher of the second century A.D. was Epictetus. Tacitus. Marcus Antonius. Agrippina Cornelia.	Epictetus.
Virgil's most powerful work, intended to serve for the Roman world the role of the Homeric poems in Greece, was the Metamorphoses. Aeneid. Odyssey. Iliad.	Aeneid.
describes the biographical style of Suetonius? He was the finest historian of the second century A.D. He idealized Germanic and British tribal societies. He was delighted by tales of private scandal and	He was delighted by tales of private scandal and used personal vice to explain public failings.
The revolt of the Italian allies over the failure of the republic to extend citizenship was called the Marcomannian Wars. Social War. Gallic Wars. Italian rebellion.	Social War.
Hillel was a Pharisee who began a tradition of legal and scriptural interpretation which, in an expanded version, centuries later became the Talmud. Roman de la Rose. Hadith. Bible.	Talmud.
Among the Jews, the Sadducees were willing to work with Rome and even adopt some elements of Hellenism. were willing to abandon the Torah insisted on revolution against the Romans. accepted the predictions of a coming liberator and the e	were willing to work with Rome and even adopt some elements of Hellenism.
The wealthiest province of the Roman Empire and the most exploited was Spain. Sicily. Syria. Egypt	Egypt
In Britain, Hadrian ordered the construction of a colony for retired legionnaires. city later called London. huge statue to commemorate his administration. wall from one coast of Britain to the other	wall from one coast of Britain to the other
a reform passed by Caesar? Eliminating the representation of Italian citizens in the Senate Dismissing the legions to diminish the likelihood of war Increasing the size of the Senate Abolishing the office of consul	Increasing the size of the Senate
Which of the following was a reform proposed by Tiberius Gracchus? Free food for the Roman poor Redistribution of public land Citizenship for the Italian allies A larger Senate	Redistribution of public land
Augustus reformed the military waysEXCEPT which Reducing the term of enlistment to five years Raising the term of enlistment to twenty years Pensioning off thirty-two of the sixty legions Providing retired legionnaires with land in colo	Reducing the term of enlistment to five years with guaranteed pensions for those who completed service
As a politician, Cicero was aligned with the followers of Marius. optimates. populares. Plebeians	optimates.
Rome's greatest historian of the second century A.D. was Marcus Tullius Cicero. Cornelius Tacitus. Scipio Africanus. Publius Virgilius Maro.	Cornelius Tacitus.
The continued smooth functioning of the empire the soundness of Augustus' constitutional changes the mad genius of Caligula. the brilliance of Augustus's successors. the military successes of Nero.	the soundness of Augustus' constitutional changes and the vested interests that aristocratic supporters had in them.
What emperor was most closely associated with Stoicism? Hadrian Titus Vespasian Marcus Aurelius	Marcus Aurelius
In order to restore the traditional values Roman republic, Augustus did all EXCEPT Attempt to reinvigorate Roman religion Patronize literary figures Surrender the authority of the principate Reconstruct the family unit by recreating	Surrender the authority of the principate and return to the political principles of the republic
Which of the following groups practiced rigidly exclusive monotheism? The Hasidim The cult of Cybele The cult of Isis The cult of the deified emperors	The Hasidim
Late republican art could be described as having which of the following characteristics? Returning to Egyptian models Being stylistically crude Having bodies based on the Hellenistic ideal, but Having no relationship to Hellenistic art	Having bodies based on the Hellenistic ideal, but portrait heads
Who of the following was NOT a member of the first triumvirate? Caesar Lepidus Pompey Crassus	Lepidus
In the civil war that broke out among the members of the second triumvirate, Mark Antony depended almost entirely on his alliance with Octavian. Marcus Lepidus. Mithridates, the ruler of Pontus. Cleopatra, the Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt.	Cleopatra, the Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt.
The centers of Roman culture in all of the provinces of the empire were the Roman libraries. Roman towns. Rural villas. Roman legions	Roman towns.
The Pax Romana ended with the reign of the emperor Hadrian. Commodus. Septimus Severus. Antoninus Pius.	Commodus.
The best representative of Epicurean philosophy in the later republic was the poet Lucretius. Publius Virgilius Maro. Marcus Tullius Cicero. Septimus Severus	Lucretius
Some emperors persecuted the Christians because, unlike jews wanted violent overthrow of the empire. refused to pay taxes. refused to acknowledge the existence of the other gods and rigidly excluded all Roman citizens from membership	refused to acknowledge the existence of the other gods and to participate in the cult of the deified emperors.
Which of the following was NOT a component of Octavian's power base after his defeat of His wealth His vast following among the surviving elites His powerful alliances with the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt and His total command of the army	His powerful alliances with the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt and the Seleucid rulers of Persia
Which of the following was a reform proposed by Gaius Gracchus? Freedom for all slaves Citizenship for the Italian allies Repeal of the Twelve Tables An increase in the number of magistrates	Citizenship for the Italian allies
In the first century B.C.E., slaves comprised what proportion of the total population of the Roman territories? One tenth One half One third One fourth	One third
The purpose of Hadrian's tour of his empire was to escape from the horrible living conditions in Rome. to inspect those military commands most critical for imperial stability. a vacation. to escape assassination by ambitious legion c	to inspect those military commands most critical for imperial stability.
Roman conquest of the Mediterranean world guaranteed the success of the republican institutions. spelled the end of the republican system. broadly increased the citizenship of the republic. resulted in widespread benefits shared equall	spelled the end of the republican system.
Which of the statements is NOT accurate? The Roman elite was a closed caste that The imperial government was as oppressive as it was primitive. Much of the work of administration was In many colonies, indigenous elites continued to gove	The Roman elite was a closed caste that effectively shut out local elites, soldiers, and freedmen.
When supporters of Pompey relieved Julius refused to leave Gaul. returned to Rome with his legions and initiated a civil war. instead launched the invasion of Britain. left his forces in Gaul but renewed his political career in the se	returned to Rome with his legions and initiated a civil war.
Weaknesses in the Roman Empire evident in the second included EXCEPT? Unwillingness of Roman citizens to serve on Undisciplined legions manned by Vast frontiers constantly under attack by hostile tribes Growing cultural identity betwee	Growing cultural identity between the cities and the separatist rural regions
Who were NOT among the social losers when the republic expanded its empire? Slaves Italian allies Senators Residents of the provinces	Senators
Who of the following was NOT a member of the second triumvirate?	Crassus
The most prominent Stoic philosopher in the later republic was Antoninus Pius. Marcus Tullius Cicero. Marcus Agrippa. Paulus Orosius.	Marcus Tullius Cicero.
The first Christian groups, led by Peter, immediately abandoned Jewish traditions and sought the protection of the Romans from Jewi initiated the sacraments of baptism and communion but otherwise launched public assaults against the Jews	initiated the sacraments of baptism and communion but otherwise remained entirely within the Jewish tradition.
The person responsible for the spread of Christianity outside of the Jewish community was King Herod. Paul of Cybele. Isidore of Seville. Paul of Tarsus.	Paul of Tarsus.
Augustus reformed the Roman Senate in all of the following ways EXCEPT which one? Increasing its membership to incorporate all Making membership hereditary Reducing its membership Allowing the Senate to retain control	Increasing its membership to incorporate all factions in the Roman political spectrum
In order to restore the traditional values of the Roman republic, Augustus... Attempt to reinvigorate Roman religion by Patronize literary figures who shared his Surrender the authority of the principate Reconstruct the family unit	Surrender the authority of the principate and return to the political principles of the republic
Which of the following authors did Augustus exile for writing unacceptable poetry? Virgil Horace Livy Ovid	Ovid
Which of the following reforms did Augustus carry out to deal with the problems of urban poverty? Providing free public education Building athletic facilities, baths, a Transporting part of the urban population Eliminating the competitio	Building athletic facilities, baths, and brothels
Which of the following was NOT a reform passed by Sulla? Removing the equites from juries Reducing the authority of the tribunes Increasing the size of the Senate Abolition of the office of dictator	Abolition of the office of dictator
The two leaders of the conservative republican reaction to Caesar's perpetual dictatorship were Pompey and Crassus Marcus Junius Brutus and Cassius Longinus Cleopatra and Aemilius Lepidus Mark Antony and Sulla	Marcus Junius Brutus and Cassius Longinus
What Roman politician and ally of Crassus joined a conspiracy of Sullan veterans and populares in support of Crassus? Julius Caesar Pompey Cicero Catiline	Catiline
Who was the first Roman commander to create a personal army by ignoring property qualifications for military service? Sulla Lepidus Marius Caesar	Marius
Political leaders who appealed to the masses against the elite as a means of gaining influence in the republican government were called demagogues. optimates. democrats. Populares	Populares
The Jewish group that was prepared to overthrow the Roman presence violently was the Talmud. Sadducees. Zealots. Parthians	Zealots
Hadrian's concern in Spain was a Moorish revolt. the failure of the Spanish agricultural system. popular resistance to military conscription. the failure of Spanish mines to produce sufficient amounts of minerals.	popular resistance to military conscription.
What Roman commander in fifth-century Gaul was referred to as "king of the Romans"? Commodus Syagrius Belisarius Galla Placidia	Syagrius
Which of the following statements concerning German social and ec Germanic kings strictly forbade raiding Germanic communities were exclusively Men measured their social status by the number of cattle and Germanic society was matriarchal	Men measured their social status by the number of cattle and wives possessed and by martial ability.
Which of the following was NOT a change in imperial mil Commanders raised as emperors increased Frontier settlements were abandoned as military forces Soldiers were allowed to marry even while Capable soldiers could hope to rise to public	Frontier settlements were abandoned as military forces were withdrawn to Rome.
The Council of Nicaea (325 A.D.) condemned the establishment of Christianity as the established faith of the Roman Empire. Arian teaching that Jesus, as the Son of God, was n reforms of Diocletian. tyrannical rule of Co	Arian teaching that Jesus, as the Son of God, was not equal with God the Father.
Who is regarded as the founder of Christian monasticism? Dioscurus John Chrysostom Anthony of Egypt Martin of Tours	Anthony of Egypt
Which is MOST accurate with regard to the fall of Rome? Rome did not "fall"; it was transformed into a part-Roman With the barbarian onslaught, Western culture The fall of Rome, while inevitable, Rome actually never "fell"; rather, it to	Rome did not "fall"; it was transformed into a part-Roman, part-barbarian system through gradual accommodation.
What new barbarian menace, originating in central Asia, swept into the Black Sea region in 376 A.D. and threw the entire barbarian world into chaos? Huns Alemanni Vandals Jutes	Huns
What tetrarchy leader took control of the transforming Roman world after the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian, using Christianity as his centraling belief for a new Rome? Constantine Maxentius Attila Septimus	Constantine
Origen's contribution to developing a new European perspective was h Platonic and Gnostic thought into a the Scriptures with everyday life in a the Neoplatonic tradition with Christian Christianity and Manicheanism to form a plausible	the Neoplatonic tradition with Christian virtues.
Who was the intellectual who founded a monastery in Bethlehem and also translated the Bible into Latin? Pachomius Basil Jerome Benedict of Nursia	Jerome
Simeon Stylites, the most famous eastern hermit, refused to leave his cave for forty years. ate grass. sat on top of a fifty-foot pillar for over thirty years. cut off his ears and nose.	sat on top of a fifty-foot pillar for over thirty years.
The Vandals were able to conquer northern Africa. unable to penetrate the Roman Empire. gradually assimilated into Roman society. no threat to Rome.	able to conquer northern Africa.
In contrast to the western half of the empire, the east managed to survive and prosper. conquered the barbarian lands and seized the former Roman colonies in North Africa. slowly faded into the rapidly declined and then disintegrated	managed to survive and prosper.
Which was the largest of the Germanic groups to seek protection from the Huns within the Roman Empire? Ostrogoths Alemanni Visigoths Franks	Visigoths
The prestige of the papacy increased in the mid-fifth century when which of the Pope Leo I was able to get Attila and Vandal forces retreated from the papal The bishops of Rome were able to restore The Roman civil government officially	Pope Leo I was able to get Attila and his barbarian Huns to withdraw from Rome's gates.
What individual functioned like a Roman "Robin Hood" or bandit, indicating the desperate conditions of common people such as slaves, soldiers, and peasants in the late Roman Empire? Bulla the Lucky Sparticus Maximinus the Thracian Taci	Bulla the Lucky
The Goths were unique as a Germanic tribe in that they never entered the Roman Empire. they were led and controlled by a five-man council. they were a settled people uninterested in warfare. their kings exercised more military authorit	their kings exercised more military authority than was usual.
St. Augustine can be credited with synthesizing Aristotelian ideals with Christian austerity elaborating a new Christian understanding combining Platonic and Stoic thought which, merging Persian and Indian teaching as the most enlighten	elaborating a new Christian understanding of human society and the individual's relationship to God.
Which of the following statements concerning Augustine is NOT correct? Augustine's exposure to Neoplatonism and Ambro In his early career, Augustine was Augustine spent his later life as bishop of Hippo in Augustine wrote an autobiography	In his early career, Augustine was a member of the Pelagians.
Which of the following groups was negatively affected by Diocletian's reforms? Civil administrators Traditional Roman priesthoods Decurions, members of local city councils Soldiers	Decurions, members of local city councils
What institution upset the balance of power and wealth within the Germanic world? Slavery The Roman Empire Peasant bands Persian immigrants	The Roman Empire
Which of the following was NOT a reform for which Emperor Diocletian The division of the Roman Empire into eastern and The elevation of the status of emperor to The reduction of the bureaucracy of The militarization of Roman society to	The reduction of the bureaucracy of imperial administration
Which of the following statements concerning the emperors of the third century Nearly all of the emperors were chosen from Emperors radically reduced the influence of the armies Emperors successfully overcame the Between 235 and 284, seventeen	Between 235 and 284, seventeen of the twenty emperors were assassinated or killed in civil war.
The primary source of friction between barbarian and provincial elites was centered on land ownership. social. an economic matter. Religion	Religion
What group insisted that Christ had only one nature - the divine? Monophysites Pelagians Nestorians Arians	Monophysites
Which of the following was NOT a failure of Diocletian's reign? Destruction of the local city councils Incorporation of civil administration into the military Inability to control inflation Binding small farmers to their land	Incorporation of civil administration into the military
The definitive form of the monastic community in the Greek-speaking world of the East was provided by Benedict of Nursia. Jerome. Pachomius. Basil.	Basil.
Which of the following was NOT a reason for the eastern half Barbarian forces never entered Tax revenues continued to support It was able to fall back on Hellenistic Christian bishops were not as powerful	Barbarian forces never entered the eastern half of the empire.
Where was the Visigothic kingdom established within the Roman empire? Along the borders with Persia In southern Gaul and Spain On the Rhine frontier with Germany In Britain	In southern Gaul and Spain
Which North African sect argued that the Church on earth had to be as perfect as the invisible one and that they alone had preserved this purity? Neoplatonists Pelagians Donatists Arians	Donatists
Christianity became the established state religion as a direct result of barbarian when pagan priests invoked Jesus to take Jupiter's in the first century when Constantine converted to Christianity followed	when Constantine converted to Christianity followed by Theodosius' banning of other religions.
The average citizens or humiliores of the late empire suffered required love offering made to Janus exorbitant financial sacrifices required demands of tribute made tax increases they could not avoid by	tax increases they could not avoid by bribing or intimidating tax collectors.
Rome's military asserted greater influence in the latter senatorial cooperation in the dismantling front-line army commanders restructuring dictatorial rule by the praetors, who subverted accepting reductions in pay.	front-line army commanders restructuring the empire in favor of the army.
Which of the following statements concerning the Visigothic settlement The Visigoths were quickly assimilated in Following their entry into the empire, the Visigoths The emperor Theodosius was forced to allow The Visigoths left the empire in	The emperor Theodosius was forced to allow the Visigoths to be ruled by their own leaders despite residing within the empire.
Germanic kings of the second century A.D. were myths invented by moralistic Roman writers. had religious, not political, power. had absolute authority. were mere figurehead leaders.	had religious, not political, power.
Which sect believed that human nature was capable of achieving perfection in this life? Arians Neoplatonists Donatists Pelagians	Pelagians
Which of the following is NOT a reason the Christian hermits In this age of individualism, these people were They could serve as community patrons Their lack of ties to human society Many were able actively to participate	Many were able actively to participate in local political administration.
Which was the largest of the Germanic groups to seek protection from the Huns within the Roman Empire? Ostrogoths Alemanni Visigoths Franks	Visigoths
Which of the following statements concerning Augustine is NOT correct?	In his early career, Augustine was a member of the pelagians
What city formerly known as Byzantium became "the new Rome" of Constantine's reformed empire? Antioch Constantinople Bethlehem Alexandria	Constantinople
At the same time Rome was being racked with internal expanding into an industrial giant that challenged rapidly disintegrating into smaller regressing into a mosaic of broken developing into a number of powerful	developing into a number of powerful military tribal confederations.
What theologian was the primary opponent of the Donatists and Pelagians? Augustine of Hippo Anastasius Justin Martyr Origen	Augustine of Hippo
Which of the following was NOT a problem that shook the foundation Its economic system did not The sheer size of the empire was large The strictly hereditary system of succession often Its inequitable tax system was not able	The strictly hereditary system of succession often produced emperors of mediocre talents.
What did St. Augustine mean by the "city of God"? The Roman Empire Only those who were known to have achieved Those who participated in the heavenly Church as saints The earthly Church under the rule	Those who participated in the heavenly Church as saints or as earthly recipients of Grace through the sacraments
Which of the following did NOT represent a threat to the Roman The Sassanid dynasty in Persia The Germanic barbarians on the Rhine and Danubian frontiers The Mauryan dynasty in India The Berber tribes of Africa	The Mauryan dynasty in India
What Christian bishop of Milan excommunicated the emperor Theodosius Ambrose of Milan Hugh of Lincoln Hilary of Tours Augustine of Hippo	Ambrose of Milan
What early Christian sect believed that Jesus had only appeared to be human but in reality was divine? Sabellians Priscillians Monarchians Gnostics	Gnostics
The recluses in the west were afforded more praise and honor than did not receive the same admiration or attention were often politically active consisted of one pillar-dweller and one	did not receive the same admiration or attention as did their counterparts in the east.
Diocletian's persecution of the Christians was caused by a perceived belief that the Christians were subversives. pro-Jewish. aiding the barbarians threatening Rome. devil worshippers.	subversives.
External threats to Rome included the powerful Persians who under Shapur Augustus Hadrian Severus Valerian	Valerian
What was the impact of the Arabic conquests The Muslims became the protectors As desert conquerors, the Arabs There was no impact, because the cultures The Muslims found Hellenistic culture to be depraved and immoral	The Muslims became the protectors and preservers of Hellenistic culture.
All of the following were causes of divisiveness in the Byzantine Empire EXCEPT Ethnic differences among the population Permanent conquest by Germanic tribes Religious squabbles among the metropoli Rival political factions associated w	Permanent conquest by Germanic tribes
What Turkish empire emerged from the ruins of the Mongol invasions? Ottoman Armeniakon Anatolikon Seljuq	Ottoman
The Great Mosque of Damascus in Syria is symbolic of Islam's complete rejection of all other religions. the failure of Islam in the Middle East. the continuity of religious worship and the Islam's destruction of all Christian relics	the continuity of religious worship and the common taste for classical art.
The Senate of the Byzantine Empire was a powerful counterbalance to the authority of the emperor. eventually became an equal partner in t lost its constitutional function and was abol continued to fulfill the constitutional functions est	lost its constitutional function and was abolished in the ninth century.
When the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius, and a papal representative resolved the problems of jurisdiction but settled theological differences but were excommunicated each other and crea were able to resolve all theological	excommunicated each other and created a schism still unresolved.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the rapid spread of Islam? Muhammad's acceptance of the deities of tribes th The recruitment of the Quraysh by making Me Economic prosperity and the opportunity The sensuous vision of an afterlif	Muhammad's acceptance of the deities of tribes that wished to join his movement
The Byzantine state was in theory and often in fact an autocracy. a democracy. an oligarchy. an anarchy.	an autocracy.
Which of the following was NOT typical of Arab Bedouin society? Common ownership of land and property Blood feuds Strongly hierarchical political control under sheikhs Loosely organized kinship groups associated into clans	Strongly hierarchical political control under sheikhs
The final downfall of the Byzantine Empire began under Emperor Romanus IV following his defeat at the battle of Nicaea. Bari. Manzikert. Actium	Manzikert.
Ubayd Allah the Fatimid rejected the `Abbasid dynasty and established a Shi`ite dynasty in Spain. Armenia. Persia. Egypt	Egypt
The `Abbasids established what form of government? A democracy based on the principles of the Greek poleis A loosely organized tribal system based on An oligarchy consisting of wealthy Arab An autocratic imperial system based	An autocratic imperial system based on the model of the Sassanids
All of the following were major contributors to Justinian's reign EXCEPT which one? Anthemius and Isidorus, who built the cathedra Athanasius, who developed the Tribonian, who compiled the Justinia John of Cappadocia, who was an effectiv	Athanasius, who developed the orthodox definition of the Trinity
Muhammad's departure from Mecca to take up the government of Medina is called the Hashim. slaughter of the innocents. flight from Egypt. Hijra	Hijra
The first dynasty in Islam after the end of the orthodox caliphate was the Umayyads. Fatimids. `Abbasids. Seljuqs	Umayyads.
Which of the following Muslim philosophers developed a strictly Aristotelian philosophy stripped of Neoplatonic mystical trappings? Ibn Rushd Ya`qub al-Kindi Ibn Sina Abu Bakr	Ibn Rushd
Which of the following statements concerning Byzantine social It was intensely individualistic and linked individuals Hierarchical gradations connected It was primarily communal It emphasized public and	It was intensely individualistic and linked individuals and small family groups directly to the emperor.
The last `Abbasid caliph was executed by an invading army of Egyptian Mamluks. Mongols. Christian crusaders. Seljuq Turks	Mongols.
From the seventh to the tenth centuries while western Europe Preserving classical culture Providing a model of centralized Conquering all of western Europe Serving as a Christian bulwark	Conquering all of western Europe with the exception of Britain
The emperors and their supporters who wanted to suppress the cult of icons were called iconographers. iconoclasts. idolators. iconodules.	iconoclasts.
The Syrian and Egyptian Christian Churches differed from the Monophysitism. Nestorianism. Monotheletism. Arianism	Monophysitism.
Under what dynasty did Byzantium dominate the Mediterranean during the tenth and eleventh centuries? Isaurian Heraclian Macedonian Comnenian	Macedonian
Which of the following statements most accurately describes The monasteries sought to eliminate The religious appeal of the monasteries Monasteries played an insignificant The monasteries were absolutely dependent	The religious appeal of the monasteries was often based on icons.
How did the Muslims treat the social and economic structures They confiscated only state property while leaving They confiscated all private property and re All land became the property of the Islamic They eradicated them and incorporated all	They confiscated only state property while leaving private property, including land, in the hands of the original owners.
With the decline of Byzantine commerce, what city became the western commercial and naval leader in the Mediterranean? Paris Amalfi Bari Venice	Venice
The missionaries responsible for spreading Orthodox religion and Byzantine culture to the Slavs were Basil and Jacob Baradaeus. Nestorius and Arius. Sergius and Constantine. Cyril and Methodius	Cyril and Methodius
What was the drawback of Justinian's Reconquest? The cost of his campaigns bankrupted his successors. His resolution of all religious controversies destroyed the papacy. The Franks were able to conquer all of Asia Mi He was assassinated	The cost of his campaigns bankrupted his successors.
Which of the following was NOT a reason for Constantinople's Its strategic location between the Black Sea and t Manufacture of silks The Byzantine love of the sea Control of trade routes to the Orient, Slavic	The Byzantine love of the sea
What was Muhammad's occupation at the time of his revelation? Herdsman Soldier Monk Merchant	Merchant
Which of the following was NOT typical of Arab Bedouin society? Common ownership of land and property Blood feuds Strongly hierarchical political control under sheikhs Loosely organized kinship groups associated into clans	Strongly hierarchical political control under sheikhs
Muhammad organized his followers into a community that transcended the old ties of tribe and clan called a deme. the Umma. a haram. a harem	the Umma.
Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the `Abbasid The conquests devastated whole regions The Muslims continued to develop Commerce and agriculture both flourished The Muslims had no economic impact	Commerce and agriculture both flourished under the Muslim caliphates.
Which of the following statements concerning the Byzantine agricultural system Villagers worked together in a cooperative environment The Byzantine countryside was t Almost all peasants survived on the labor By the seventh century, the Byzantine	Almost all peasants survived on the labor of their families and perhaps a few slaves.
The emperor who saved the Byzantine Empire from defeat at the hands of the Sassanid dynasty of Persia was Commodus. Theodosius. Heraclius. Justinian II Rhinometus.	Heraclius.
Which of the following rulers restored image worship in 843 A.D.? Theodora Constantine IV Pogonatus Justinian Leo III	Theodora
All of the following were serious problems for the successors of the Macedonian The establishment of new elites as autonomous The reduction of income from taxes The inability of the emperors The aggressive assaults of the Normans	The inability of the emperors to hire mercenary armies
The Umayyads failed to establish a stable secular empire because The family of Muhammad's uncle, `Abbas, Many Muslims believed that secular rule was They failed to expand the territories of Islam. They failed to extend the benefits of Islam	They failed to expand the territories of Islam.
The first orthodox caliph of Islam to be assassinated was `Umar. `Ali. `Uthman. Abu Bakr	`Uthman.
Under the orthodox caliph `Umar, Islam conquered all of the following territories EXCEPT which one? Anatolia Egypt Syria Iran	Anatolia
The basic administrative unit of the Byzantine Empire after the seventh century was a military district called the deme. strategus. parabolus. Theme	Theme
In 1204 the Fourth Crusade successfully captured and pillaged Baghdad. Damascus. Jerusalem. Constantinople.	Constantinople
Because of their religious views, many Christians of Egypt a liberation from the repressive measures a disastrous incursion of infidels an opportunity to convert to a less a validation of the principles of the	a liberation from the repressive measures of the Orthodox Church and the emperors.
What was referred to as the "foretaste of heaven"? Byzantine mosaics that decorated the interiors of churches Greek pastries the liturgy of the Orthodox Church the imperial family	the liturgy of the Orthodox Church
The Comnenian dynasty was able to prolong the binding the aristocracy to the central government driving the Normans from Italy. reconquering most of the territories lost defeating the independent aristocracy and destroying	binding the aristocracy to the central government through grants of pronoia and appointments.
Belief that legitimate leadership of Islam could only come from the house of `Ali created the religious and political sect called Kharij. Sunni. Sufi. Shi`ism	Shi`ism
Which of the following statements most accurately describes Byzantine monasticism? The monasteries sought to eliminate The religious appeal of the monasteries The monasteries were absolutely dependent Monasteries played an insignificant	The religious appeal of the monasteries was often based on icons.
The `Abbasids established what form of government? A democracy based on the principles of the Greek poleis A loosely organized tribal system based on the An oligarchy consisting of wealthy An autocratic imperial system based on the	An autocratic imperial system based on the model of the Sassanids
Muhammad's revelations were copied word for word in what came to be known as the Qur'an. Surah. Hadith. Memory Palace	Qur'an.
At its height, Constantinople boasted a population of about one hundred thousand. one million. one thousand. ten thousand	one million.
According to Islamic orthodoxy, which of the following It is an exact and complete revelation Like the Bible, it requires considerable It was the work of a dedicated group of It was discovered written on hidden	It is an exact and complete revelation without need for interpretation.
All of the following were major contributors to Justinian's Anthemius and Isidorus, who built the Athanasius, who developed the orthodox Tribonian, who compiled the Justinian John of Cappadocia, who was an effective	Athanasius, who developed the orthodox definition of the Trinity
King Offa, considered by Charlemagne to be his equal, hailed from what English kingdom? Wessex Northumbria Mercia East Anglia	Mercia
What monastery initiated a new round of ecclesiastical reform in 909? San Remini Bec Cluny Mont Saint Michel	Cluny
What event on Christmas day 800 testified to Charlemagne's His capture of the eastern His marriage to the eastern His coronation as emperor His conquest of Lombard Italy	His coronation as emperor
What power destroyed the Ostrogothic kingdom of Italy after Theodoric's death? The Franks The Byzantines The Visigoths The Muslims	The Byzantines
What weakened the central authority of the Frankish e A series of peasant revolts and An Anglo-Saxon invasion Competition among descendants Papal interference and	Competition among descendants and grants to the aristocracy
What Umayyad leader established an independent emirate in Spain in 756? Yazid II 'Uthman Marwan al-Hak 'Abd ar-Rahman	'Abd ar-Rahman
Which of the following statements concerning the Anglo-Saxons It was a society dominated by petty kings Like the Goths, the Anglo-Saxons were an exclusively The Anglo-Saxons were not converted to Christ Both Irish and Roman missionaries parti	Like the Goths, the Anglo-Saxons were an exclusively military elite who imposed their rule on an indigenous peasantry.
In Germanic society, the elite owed its elevated status to a combination of inherited status and wealth perpetuated royal appointment by kings. ability to manipulate grain prices and export trade. inheritance of land rather than leader	a combination of inherited status and wealth perpetuated through military command.
Because of their support for orthodox Christianity Which of the following statements concerning the Visigothic After defeat at the hands of the Franks The Visigothic kingdom came to be centered on Spain, The Byzantines destroyed the Visigothic ki	The Visigothic kingdom came to be centered on Spain, where the Visigothic kings established a unified government based on Roman administrative tradition.
Which of the Scandinavian groups established trade routes on the Volga, Dvina, and Dnepr rivers as far as the Black and Caspian seas? Swedes Scots Danes Norwegians	Swedes
The most cultivated, capable, powerful, and sophisticated Gothic ruler was Gondebaud the Burgundian. Alaric II the Visigoth. Clovis the Frank. Theodoric the Ostrogoth	Theodoric the Ostrogoth
Which of the following statements concerning the Carolingian Carolingian artists began the practice of directly Charlemagne decreed that artists could Charlemagne preferred that artistic s In the Carolingian period, the combination of Medi	In the Carolingian period, the combination of Mediterranean style and northern style created a dynamic and plastic representative form
What pope laid the foundations for the medieval papacy by maintaining Anastasius I Leo I Gregory the Great John	Gregory the Great
Germanic art prior to the Carolingian renaissance was starkly realistic. did not exist. featured nonrepresentational, geometric forms. was based on Roman and Byzantine models	featured nonrepresentational, geometric forms.
Which of the following fundamental changes did NOT contribute to the transformation of rural society The spread of Christianity The emergence of the household The virtual disappearance The continued dominance of the urban	The continued dominance of the urban economy in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire
The Frankish society evaporated as soon as Clovis, was absorbed by the Jutes and Frisians degenerated into a self-serving, vindictive community became the model for European social and political organization	became the model for European social and political organization for over a thousand years
“Viking" in Scandinavian usage literally means a descendant from Denmark. conqueror-warrior. one who goes raiding. one who loves Wotan, the god of war	one who goes raiding.
Which of the following statements concerning women in early In general, aristocratic women during the early Middle The religious life opened to aristocratic women Christianity failed to recognize Women were not permitted to participate in c	The religious life opened to aristocratic women possibilities of autonomy and authority.
In the Frankish world, the royal favorites who represented the medieval kings were known as bailiffs. counts. stalwarts. Comitatus	counts.
Although Clovis ruled the Franks as king, real power lay in the Frankish tribal council he worked closely with the existing Gallo-Roman the shrewd chieftain did not believe in or respect a Roman commander in the west, probably with the	he worked closely with the existing Gallo-Roman aristocracy to consolidate his power.
The glue that held Charlemagne's enormous the subjection of the Gallo-Roman population. loyalty to the king and to the Roman Church. taxation and close social supervision. efficient royal administration by profession	loyalty to the king and to the Roman Church.
Which of the following statements concerning Umayyad Spain Although the agricultural economy of Spain reco Visual art and architecture deemphasi Initially the Umayyad emirs had to establish unity Spanish emirs were able in the long run to esta	Although the agricultural economy of Spain recovered from the Muslim invasions, urban life was irreparably damaged.
The power of the Germanic kings, such as Clovis, was generally restricted to formal or ceremonial func sufficient to take immediate action against anyon most evident during campaigns and at the annual assembly equal to all other aristocra	most evident during campaigns and at the annual assembly of free warriors.
Which of the following was NOT an innovation that Alfred Generating an alliance system with the Franks and the Lombards Establishing a network of fortifications Reorganizing the Anglo-Saxon army Creating an Anglo-Saxon navy	Generating an alliance system with the Franks and the Lombards
While the majority of Romans had become orthodox Christians in late antiquity, the Ostrogoths were Arians. agnostics. pagans. devil-worshippers	Arians.
Charlemagne maintained control over his counts through the use of what court officials? Curopalates Eunuchs Duces Missi dominici	Missi dominici
What Germanic people replaced the Ostrogoths as rulers of much of the Italian peninsula?	Lombards
Which of the following fundamental changes did NOT contribute to the transformation of rural society The spread of Christianity The emergence of the household as The virtual disappearance of The continued dominance of the urban econom	The continued dominance of the urban economy in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire
Like their Germanic counterparts, Roman aristocrats found its religious identity in Irish achieved dominance by imperial acquired a sacred legitimacy, often through was almost entirely related to ability as commanders	acquired a sacred legitimacy, often through monopolization of the office of bishop.
The systematic establishment of ______ was instrumental parishes or rural churches small towns and villages responsive, community-linked monasteries agrarian cults	parishes or rural churches
At what meeting did the English king Oswy of Northumbria decide to ally himself with the Roman church? Doom of Salisbury Convocation of Westminster Parliament of Northampton Synod of Whitby	Synod of Whitby
In Spain and Italy, the fusion of the Germanic and Roman dissension among the Germanic religious differences separating long-standing disputes between the lords rival peasant gangs terrorizing	religious differences separating Arians and orthodox Christians.
The Saxons, Angles, Jutes, Frisians, Suebians, and quickly coalesced their tribes into a united kingdom. joined the Gallo-Frankish alliance for p rapidly left the island and returned enslaved or drove the natives into Wales and carved o	enslaved or drove the natives into Wales and carved out their own small kingdoms
The king's role in administering justice allowed him to legislate. made it necessary for all individuals and families included enforcement of customary justice. was limited to collecting and publishing the customs	was limited to collecting and publishing the customs of the past
What people destroyed the Franks' puppet Moravian empire in 895 and split the Slavic world into two parts? Huns Chechens Magyars Avars	Magyars
How did the religious identity and legitimacy of the Frankish Northern lords tended to identify almos Northern Frankish aristocrats identified Franks who settled south of the Loire Southern Frankish aristocrats refused to accept	Northern Frankish aristocrats identified with Irish monasticism introduced by Saint Columbanus.
Charlemagne's decision to commission an architect great Roman and Byzantine buildings Hanging Gardens of Nebuchadnezzar in Babylon. Great Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. Caliph Abu Bakr's magnificent residence in Alexandria	great Roman and Byzantine buildings of Italy and Constantinople.
What weakened the central authority of the Frankish empire after Charlemagne's death? A series of peasant revolts and the decline in literacy An Anglo-Saxon invasion Competition among descendants and grants to the arist Papal interferen	Competition among descendants and grants to the aristocracy
Around the end of what century did Scandinavian kings begin to consolidate power? Sixth Seventh Ninth Eighth	Eighth
The king's role in administering justice allowed him to legislate. made it necessary for all individuals and families included enforcement of customary justice. was limited to collecting and publishing the custom	was limited to collecting and publishing the customs of the past
Which of the following was NOT typical of early medieval aristocratic lifestyles? Hospitality offered to retainers in the f Hunting and its closely related activity The practice of maintaining multiple Great wooden halls or stone fortificati	The practice of maintaining multiple wives
Which of the following statements concerning Umayyad Although the agricultural economy of Spain recovered Visual art and architecture deemphasized physical Initially the Umayyad emirs had to esta Spanish emirs were able in the long run to	Although the agricultural economy of Spain recovered from the Muslim invasions, urban life was irreparably damaged.
Charlemagne was all of the following EXCEPT which one? A religious reformer Founder of a new Frankish dynasty A patron of the arts The leader of a powerful, united Frankish kingdom	Founder of a new Frankish dynasty
Cyril and Methodius, the creators of the Cyrillic script, rallied the Slavic peoples to resist Musli laid the basis for a Slavic church and bega were Arian missionaries who converted the Slavs developed a standard form of Slavic dress, st	laid the basis for a Slavic church and began a tradition of Slavic literacy.
The leader who reorganized and redirected the Frankish empire and molded the Frankish cavalry into the most effective military force of his time was Louis the Pious. Offa. Aethelrad. Charles Martel	Charles Martel
Pippin became "king of the Franks" through his sheer will and intimidation of Anglo-Saxon opponents. acclamation by fellow Frankish aristocrats. his family relationship to the Merovingians. legitimation by a papal proclamation.	legitimation by a papal proclamation.
Which of the following was NOT one of the Carolingian Removal of all foreign clerics from service Establishment of mandatory tithing Establishment of the Benedictine rule as Ensuring that parish clergy were competent and committed	Removal of all foreign clerics from service in the Frankish kingdom
Which of the following was NOT a development within the Frankish The offices of count and bishop were transformed Kings could not prevent aristocrats from abso Frankish armies proved unable to deal The aristocracy on which the Carolingian'	The aristocracy on which the Carolingian's successors depended ceased to function as a military elite.
Which of the following statements concerning the early European peasantry By the eleventh century, peasant farmers As late as the eleventh century Heads of peasant households--whether The household became the basic	As late as the eleventh century, a clear distinction was maintained between slaves and free peasants.
Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of Charlegmagne's Development of a new style of handwriting Recruitment of leading intellectuals The rediscovery of the corpus of Aristotelian Correction and copying of classical texts	The rediscovery of the corpus of Aristotelian philosophy
Charlemagne and his supporters believed his coronation as emperor in A.D. 800 signified the revival of Athenian democracy. the Babylonian Captivity. King David's covenant with Yahweh. the Roman Empire in the west.	the Roman Empire in the west.