Question | Answer |
collision theory | atoms, ions, and molecules can react to form products when they have collided, provided that the particles have enough KE |
reaction properties | particles collide
enough KE
right orientation |
activation energy | minimum amount of energy particles must have to react |
activated complex/transition state | arrangement of atoms at peak of activation energy |
rate | measures the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time |
rate equation | x y
Rate=[reactant] [reactant] |
factors affecting reaction rates | temperature: higher temps = faster rates
concentration: higher concentration = faster rates |
catalysts | substance that increases rate of reaction without being used up by allowing the reaction to occur at lower temps |
inhibitor | substance that interferes with the actions of the catalyst; slows reaction |
reversible reaction | reaction occur simultaneously in both directions |
equilibrium | forward and reverse reaction occurs at the same rate and the same time |
le chateliers principle | is stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system changes to relieve that stress |
equilibrium constant(Keq) | ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium with each concentration raised to the power equal to their coefficients |
Keq > 1 | product favored |
Keq < 1 | reactant favored |
Keq | used for any reactions |
Ka | used for acids |
Kb | used for bases |
Ksp | solubility product(for things that are dissolving in solutions) |
Kp | used when pressure is used instead of concentration |
Kc | used when concentration in used |
rate laws | expressions relating rate of reaction to concentration of reactants |
K | specific rate constant |
[] | molar concentration |
P and Q | determined experimentally (usually 0, 1, 2) |
free energy | energy available to do work |
spontaneous reaction | reaction that occurs naturally and favors formation of products at specific conditions |
non-spontaneous reaction | reaction that doesn't favor the formation of products at specified conditions |
entropy | measure of disorder of a system; influences spontaneity of reaction |
particle size | smaller particles = more surface area = faster rates |
reactant form products | forward reaction |
products form reactant | reverse reaction |