Question | Answer |
Solute | the substance dissolved in a solution |
Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution |
Solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a singlephase |
Aqueous | any solution in which water is disolvent |
Freezing Point depression | the difference between the freezing points of a pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent; is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution |
Boiling Point elevation | the difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte of that solvent, directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution |
Saturated | a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute |
Unsaturated | a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions |
Supersaturated | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions |
Distillation | technique of heating a liquid to create vapor which is collected when cooled, separate from the original liquid |
Filtering | a membrane or layer that is designed to physically block certain objects or substances while letting others through |
Chromatography | separating mixtures based on differences in the speed at which they migrate over, or through |
Solubility | the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature |
Mixture | a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties |
Homogeneous | having a uniform composition throughout |
Heterogeneous | not having a uniform composition throughout |
Suspension | a mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated |
Colloid | a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures known as colloid dispersions |
Disassociation | the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves |
Electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current |
Nonelectrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current |
Precipitate | a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution ansd that separates from the solution |
Ionic equation | and equation that includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change |
Molecular equation | balanced chemical equation in which ionic compounds are written as neutral formulas rather than as ions |
Spectator ion | an ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found in solution both before and after the reaction |
Acid | proton donor that yields hydronium ions in water solution, or electron-pair acceptors that combine with electron-pair donors or bases |
Base | a compound that reacts with an acid to form a salt |
Neutralization | the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules |
Oxidation | a reaction in which the atoms or ions of an element experience an increase in oxidation state |
Reduction | a reaction in which the oxidation state of an element decreases |
Molarity | the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution |
Molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent |
Dilution | adding solvent to a solution to lower its concentration |
Titration | the controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentration measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration |
Concentration | a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution |