Question | Answer |
Solute | a substance dissolved in water. |
Solvent | is a liquid, solid, or gas that dissolves another solid, liquid, or gaseous solute. |
Aqueous | a solution in which the solent is water. |
Freezing Point depression | the difference between the freezing points of a pure solvent and a solution of a non electrolyte in that solvent; is directly proportional to the molar concentration of the solution. |
Boiling Point elevation | the difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte of that solvent, directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution. |
Saturated | a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solution. |
Unsaturated | a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions. |
Supersaturated | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions. |
Distillation | a method of sperating mixtures based on the differences in the volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. |
Filtering | seperating particles from a liquid through a porous material. |
Chromatography | the labratory term for separating mixtures. |
Solubility | the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature. |
Mixture | a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. |
Homogeneous | having a uniform composition throughout. |
Heterogeneous | not having a composition reaction throughout. |
Suspension | a mixture in which the particles in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated. |
Colloid | a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures known as colloid dispersions. |
Dissociation | the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves. |
Electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to to give a solution that conducts electric current. |
Nonelectrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current. |
Precipitate | a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction and that separates from the solution. |
Ionic equation | symbolic representation of a chemical equation where the reactant entities are given on the left hand side and the product entities on the right. |
Molecular equation | balanced equation in which ionic compound re written as neutral formulas rather than as ions. |
Spectator ion | an ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found in a solution both before and after the reaction. |
Acid | a substance that reacts with a base. |
Base | the ability to react with acids to form salts. |
Neutralization | the reaction of hydronium ions and and hydroxide ions to form water molecules. |
Oxidation | a reaction in which the ions or atoms of an element experience an increase in oxidation state. |
Reduction | a reaction in which the oxidation state of an element decreases. |
Molarity | the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution. |
Molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. |
Dilution | the process of making weaker or less concentrated. |
Titration | the controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solutionof known concentration required to react completely with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration. |
Concentration | a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution. |