Question | Answer |
Solute | the substance dissolved in a solution |
Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution |
Solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase |
Aqueous | a mixture between water and an other compound |
Freezing Point depression | the difference between the freezing point s of a pure solvent and a solution of a non electrolyte in that solvent; is directly proportional to the molar concentration of the solution |
Boiling Point elevation | the difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a non electrolyte of that solvent, directly proportional to the molar concentration of the solution |
Saturated | a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute |
Unsaturated | a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions |
Supersaturated | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution |
Distillation | the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it then condensing the remaining vapor |
Filtering | the process of straining a mixture to separate components |
Chromatography | a method of finding out which components a gas or a liquid contains that involves passing it through or over somethings that absorbs the components at different rates |
Solubility | the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature |
Mixture | a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties |
Homogeneous | having a uniform composition throughout |
Heterogeneous | not having a uniform composition throughout |
Suspension | a mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated |
Colloid | a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures known as colloid dispersions |
Disassociation | the separation of ions that occur when an ionic compound dissolves |
Electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current |
Nonelectrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electrical current |
Precipitate | a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution |
Ionic equation | equation for a chemical reaction written to show the predominant form of all species in a aqueous solution or in contact with water |
Molecular equation | equation for the types and number of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound |
Spectator ion | an ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found in solution both before and after the reaction |
Acid | a chemical species that denotes protons or hydroxide ions or that accepts electrons |
Base | a chemical species that denotes electrons or hydroxide ions or that accepts protons |
Neutralization | the reaction of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules |
Oxidation | a reaction in which the atoms or ions of an element experience an increase in oxidation state |
Reduction | a reaction in which the oxidation state of an element decreases |
Molarity | the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution |
Molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent |
Dilution | the process of reducing the concentration of a solution |
Titration | the controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentration required to react completely with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration |
Concentration | a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution |