Question | Answer |
Two types of magnetism | Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic |
Diamagnetic | All electrongs are paired up,down |
Paramagnetic | Unpaired electrons |
Values of S,P,D | 0,1,2 |
4 Quantum #'s | n,l,ml,ms |
n | Primary quatum # deal w/ energy lvl |
l | Deals w/ the shape of the orbital (s,p,d,f) |
ml | Deals with the orientation 1s,3p,5d,7f |
s | Deals with the spin +1/2 or -1/2 |
Exceptions to AuFBau | Cr,Cu,Mo,Ag |
Electron Affinity | x + e- --> x- Best for lvl 17. Peaks a 1,14,17. |
Ionization Engery | M --> M+ + e Best for group 1. Minor peaks at 2,15 |
Periodic Properties | Atomic Size, Ionic Size, Electron Affinity, and Ionization Energy |
Bohr Harbor Cycle | Sublimation + Ionization energy + 1/2 bond energy + Electron Affinity + Lattice energy = Overall Delta H |
Exception to Lewis 8e Rule | 6e, 10e, 12e, Odd #'s of e |
Isoelectronic Series | -2,-1,0,+1,+2 |
Calculating # Bonds | E have (8 X # Atoms) - ehave(Group #-10 & correct for charge) / 2 |
Formal Charge | Group # - 10 - (# Bonds) - (# of electrons) |
Electronegativity | Increase up and to the right. |
Ionice size | Increase down and to the left. Postive ions are smaller than neutral ions. Negative ions are larger than neutral ion. |
Ionic Bond | Greater than 1.5 |
Polar Covalent Bond | Btwn .5 and 1.5 |
Pure Covalent | Less than .5 |
Schrodinger | Led to the theory of quantum physics |
Lyman | 1 Ultraviolet |
Balmer | 2 Visible and Untraviolet |
Paschen | 3 Infrared |
Brackett | 4 Infrared |
JJ Thomson | Measured e/m ration of electron/proton |
Millikan | Oil drop experiment measures e |
Davisson & Germer | Mass of a nuetron AMU |
Rutherfordy | Gold foil experiment. Led to planitary model. |
Bohr | Model of e. Explain H. Calculates emission spectrum of H. |
Einstein | Photoelectric effect light ---> pariticles and waves |
Rydberg | Study emission spectrum of H. Led to Rydber constant. |
C degree to Kelvin= | (C+ 273.15)=K |
C to F | (1.8 x C)+ 32 F |
Avagardo's Number | 6.022 x 10^23 |
# of moles of an element | # grams have / AMU of element |
Molecular weight | Atomic mass of each atom added together. |
a b NI C | # of protons = b # of netrons = a-b # of electrons = b while correcting for C(the charge) |
Group 1 , Group 2, Group 16, Group 17, Group 18 | 1 Alikali Metals, 2 Alkaline Earth, 16 Chalcogens, 17 Halogens, 18 Noble Gas |
S, D, P, F | S(1,2); D(3-12); P(13-18); F(lower two) |
Lanthanides | First row of F |
Actinides | Second row of F |
isotope | Same # of protons but different # of neutrons |
nano- | 10^-9 |
pico- | 10^-12 |
micro- | 10^-6 |
milli- | 10^-3 |
centi- | 10^-2 |
deci- | 10^-1 |
tera- | 10^12 |
giga- | 10^9 |
mega- | 10^6 |
kilo- | 10^3 |
% yield | actual yield/ theoretical yield |
Boyles Law | PV=nRT |
Gas constant | R= .08206 |
Titration | CV=CV |
Molarity | Moles/Liter(M=n/V) |
Charles Law | P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 |
A gas is most ideal under... | High pressure and low temperature |
Stoichiometry | moles of what u have x want/have x grams of what u want |
Dalton's Law | Pi=XiPt |
Endothermic reaction | absorbs heat, temperature decreases, sign is + |
Exothermic reaction | gives off heat, temperature rises, sign is - |
A bomb calorimeter measures | Delta E |
A cup calorimeter measures | Delta H |
Delta E = | q + w |