Question | Answer |
Atom | Small dense positive core(nucleus) surrounded by a large space ocupied by electrons. |
Plum-Pudding Model | A model for the Atom which showed the electrons just floating around everywhere, with no order. |
Gold-Foil Experiment | This experiment showed that atoms had a negative core, and were not all just empty space. The scattering of alpha particles proved there was more than empty space in atoms. |
Orbitals | The model for the atom where electrons orbit the protons and neurtons in the center. |
Nucleus | In the atom, it contains protons and neutrons |
Proton | Have a positive charge, are located in the nucleus, has a mass of 1 amu, and the number of protons of each atom of an element are the same. |
Electron | Has a negative charge, is located outside the nucleus, has a mass of 1/1836 of a proton, and is the cloud surounding the nucleus. |
Neutron | Has a neutral charge, located in the nucleus, has a mass of 1 amu, and is the "Glue" that holds the nucleus together. |
Mass Number | Sum of protons and neutrons, it is not the Atomic Mass. |
Atomic Number | The number of protons of any given atom of an element. |
Ion | Non-neutral atom in which the # of electrons is not equal to the number of protons. |
Isotope | Atom of the same element which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
Atomic Mass | The mass of a specific Isotope of a given atom. |
Valence Electrons | The outermost or furthest away electrons of an atom. They are important in determining how the atom reacts with other atoms. |
Octet | A rule that staes atoms tend to combine so that they have 8 electrons in their valence shell, giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. |
Excited State | An elevation in energy level from the baseline energy state |
Ionization Energy | The Minimal energy required to remove an electron from the atom in its ground electronic state. |
Electron Affinity | The energy change when an electron is added to the neutral species to form a negative ion. |
Electronegativity | A chemical property that describes the ability of an atom to attract electrons twards itself. |