Question | Answer |
Law | explains what happens. Has been proven true |
Theory | Explains why something happens. Has not been proven true |
Accuracy | an agreement of a particular value with the true value |
precision | an agreement of several measurements made in the same way |
heterogeneous | different throughout a solution |
homogeneous | same throughout a solution |
extensive properties | depends on the amount of matter that is present |
intensive properties | do not depend on the amount of matter present |
physical change | a change in a substance that doesn't involve a change in identity |
chemical change | a change where a new substance is formed |
condensing | gas to liquid |
sublimination | solid to gas |
deposition | gas to solid |
empirical formula | smallest whole number or atoms |
molecular formula | the actual number of atoms of each element |
structured formula | uses lines to represent covalent bonds |
mixture | two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
element | simplest form of a pure substance |
compound | pure substances that are combinations of elements |
heat of vaporization | the heat needed to convert a liquid to gass |
heat of fusion | heat needed to convert a solid to liquid |
chemistry | study of composition and structure of matter |
matter | anything that has mass and occupies space |
atomic number | number of protons |
atomic mass | number of neutrons + electrons |
isotope | atoms of the same element w/ different atomic masses because of different numbers of neutrons |
avagadros' number | 6.02 x 10 23rd |
electron config. | the way electrons are arranged in an atom |
valance electrons | electrons in an incomplete outer energy level |
Aubau principle | electrons enter orbits of lowest energy level |
pauli exclusion principle | an atomic orbital may describe at most 2 electrons |
Hunds Rule | when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each suborbital until all the orbitals contain 1 electron pair w/ parallel signs |
periodic law | physical & chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic number |
atomic radius | distance from center of nucleus to outer energy level |
ionization energy | energy required to remove an electron from an atom |
electron affinity | energy associated with the addition of an electron |
cation | positive ion |
anion | negitive ion |
electron negitivity | measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons |
solvet | what the solid is dissolved in |
solute | the solid that dissolves in the liquid |
saturated | the solvent can't dissolve anymore |
unsaturated | the solvent can dissolve more |
supersaturated | past saturation |
miscible | liquids will mix together |
immiscible | liquids will NOT mix together |
diluting | adding more solvent |
concentrating | adding more solute |
law of conservation of mass | mass of reactants = mass of products |
reactants | compounds to the left of the arrow |
synthesis | A+B -> A+B |
Decomp | AB -> A + B |
single replacement | AB + C -> AC + B |
double replacement | AB + CD -> AD + CB |
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