Question | Answer |
What are two or more substances physically combined called? | mixture |
kilo- | 1000 x basic unit |
hecto | 100 x basic unit |
solid | the state of matter that has the lowest energy |
solid | the phase in which atoms are closely packed together and can only vibrate |
liquid | the state of matter that has a definite volume but an indefinite shape |
liquid | the phase in which atoms and molecules can move freely in two dimensions |
gas | the phase in which atoms and molecules are far apart and move freely in 3-D |
gas | the state of matter that has both an indefinite shape and volume |
plasma | the state of matter with the highest energy |
plasma | the state in which most of the matter in the universe can be found |
gas | the state of matter that is common on earth and can be compressed easily |
surface tension | the attraction among particles in liquids |
freezing | the change of state from a liquid to a solid |
freezing point | the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid |
melting | the change of state from a solid to a liquid |
melting point | the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid |
vaporization | includes both boiling and evaporation |
boiling | the change from a liquid to a gas that occurs throughout the liquid |
evaporation | a change from liquid to gas; it occurs only on the liquid's surface |
boiling point | the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas |
condensation | the change from a gas to a liquid |
compound | two or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion |
mixture | Two or more substances that are physically combined |
physical change | methods used to separate mixtures |
homogeneous mixture | A mixture that appears the same throughout |
heterogeneous mixture | A mixture in which separate substances can be seen |
solution | a homogeneous mixture that appears to have one state of matter |
suspension | a heterogeneous mixture in which particles settle out by themselves |
colloid | A homogeneous mixture that is usually white and opaque; does not settle |
physical properties | Characteristics observed without changing the substance |
chemical properties | characteristics of how substances react with one another chemical properties |
changes of state | are ALL physical changes |
mixtures | substances physically combined in no definite proportion |
compound | two or more elements chemically combined |
element | contains atoms of only one type; these are found on the periodic table |
atom | the smallest piece of an element with all the properties of that element |
molecule | smallest piece of a compound with all the properties of that compound |
chemical symbol | the shorthand way scientists write an element's name |
chemical formula | The shorthand way scientists write a compound |
chemical formula | Tells what elements and how many atoms of each are in a compound |
reactants | The substances that come together to react in a chemical reaction |
products | The new substances that are formed in a chemical reaction |
reactants | These are shown to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation |
products | These are shown to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation |
atoms | are made of protons, neutrons and electrons |
proton | the massive, positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
neutron | the massive uncharged particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
electron | negatively charged particle with little mass found outside the nucleus |
filtration | method used in the foul water lab that removed large solid particles |
saturated solution | solution that has the maximum amount of solute possible |
unsaturated solution | solution with less than the maximum amount of solute |
supersaturated solution | A solution with more than the maximum amount of solute |
ions | Charged atoms;they have different numbers of protons and electrons |
acids | substances that contain an excess of H+ ions |
bases | substances that contain an excess of OH- ions |
acids | pH less than 7 |
bases | pH more than 7 |
pH | a measure of the concentration of H+ ions |