Question | Answer |
Matter | anything with mass that occupies space |
Energy | the capacity to do work (motion) |
Potential Energy | Stored energy |
Kinetic Energy | matter in motion |
Chemical Energy | potential energy stored in chemical bonds |
Electrical Energy | movement of charged particles |
Composition of matter elements | carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen |
what is protons(+), and neutrons combined? | Atomic Mass |
Electrons | orbit around nucleus, have a negative charge |
how many electrons are are on each level of the nucleus? | 1st- 2, 2nd- 8, 3rd- 8 |
ionic bond | one or more electrons are transferred from one molecule to another |
cation ionic bond | positively charged ion |
anion ionic bond | negatively charged ion |
covalent bond | shared electrons |
polar covalent bond | unequal sharing of pairs of electrons |
non-polar covalent bond | equal sharing of pairs of electrons |
Chemical reactions (4) | synthesis, decomposition, exchange, redox |
Synthesis | creates new molecules |
decomposition | breaks down molecules |
exchange | molecules exchange atoms |
redox | occurs when food is broken down to form ATP |
exergonic (exothermic) | release energy |
endergonic (endothermic) | consume energy |
what does "exo" mean | outside |
what does "endo" mean | inside |
rate of chemical reaction is influenced by (4) | temperature, particle size, concentration, catalysts |
biochemistry consists of.. | Organic, inorganic |
what are a few inorganic compounds? (5) | water, salt, acid, bases, and buffers |
Water | universal solvent |
solvent | dissolves many chemicals in our body |
salts | cations and anions- dissolves water |
acids and bases | acids- release H+ easily
bases- accept H+ easily |
buffers | are weak acids or bases |