Term | Definition |
Diego Velazquez | Spanish Painter of the 17th century
Seville, Spain
Portraitist/Court Painter
Las Meninas |
Frida Kahlo | 20th Century Mexican Painter
Born/Died in Mexico City
Married Diego Rivera
Influenced by Surrealism
Self-Portraits |
Ernesto Sabato | Argentine Writer
Started to write after WWII
Translated scientific books
Wrote numerous essays
Recognized for El tunel |
Fernando Botero | Painter from Medellin, Colombia
Exaggerated and disproportionate volumes
Depict human figure
Boterismo |
Placido Domingo | Spanish opera singer
One of three most famous tenors
Performed as a conductor
Director of L.A. Opera |
Francisco Goya | Spanish Painter born in 1746
Worked in Real Fabrica de Tapices de Madrid
Appointed Court Painter
First artist to paint what he wanted and not what the king or the church told him to paint
Mainly historic paintings
El tres de mayo |
Jose Clemente Orozco | Mexican painter
Murals after the Mexican Revolution
Show aspects of the human condition
Focused on Pre-Columbian culture
Messages of social justice for working class and Natives
Works found in Mexico and NY |
Diego Rivera | Mexican Painter
Most famous of Mexican muralists
Influenced by Italian Renaissance and Russian communist movement
Revalorization of the indigenous Mexican roots |
Celia Cruz | Cuban singer/Queen of Salsa
Born in Cuba but lived in U.S.
23 golden albums
Most influential figure of the Cuban music in the 20th century |
David Alfaro Siqueiros | Mexican Painter
More realistic than Rivera and Orozco
Aspects of Pre-Colombian culture and its relationship with colonial culture in Mexico
Influenced by politics and his works have Marxist messages
All works are in Mexico City |
Salvador Dali | Spanish Surrealist Painter
Began as cubist but became surrealist
Born in Figueres, Spain |
Isabel Allende | Writer born in Peru
Moved to Chile and considers herself Chilean
Magical Realism
La casa de los espiritus |
Mario Vargas Llosa | Peruvian writer
Realism
Vulgarity of human nature
1990 was presidential candidate |
Pablo Picasso | Spanish painter born in Malaga
Known for cubist paintings
Political inspirations
Hated fascist government so returned to communism
Prolific artist |
Felix Lope de Verga | Spanish writer
Founded El Teatro Nacional de Espana
Father of modern comedy |
Julio Cortazar | Argentine author
Surrealist
Used realistic images of the monstrous
La noche boca arriba |
Horacio Quiroga | Uruguayan Writer best known for short stories
Influenced by Edgar Allen Poe
Writer of the bizarre |
Juan Rulfo | Mexican Writer
Most profound of the Mexican prose writers of the 40s
Magical Realism
Work deals with social injustice, pain, and suffering
Wrote only two pieces |
Jorge Luis Borges | Best known Spanish-language writers
Professor of English literature
Ultraismo
Cosmovision |
Gabriel Garcia Marquez | Colombian Writer
Magical Realism
Examines relationships between space/time
Expose Colombian life and the relationship between the social and the political in everyday life |
Carlos Fuentes | Mexican Writer
Examines Mexican culture and seeks a way to preserve it
Based on historical and explore real themes but in fictional works |
Jose Enrique Rodo | Uruguayan writer
Wrote modernistic essays
Best modernist prose writer
Message always included a warning about the North American influence in Latin America
Wanted Latin American youth to reject materialism and embrace their own culture |
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento | Argentinian Writer/Politician
President of Argentina 1868-1874
Worked as a teacher |
Ruben Dario | Writer from Nicaragua
Major figure of modernism
Best known for his poetry
Searched for ideal beauty
Wrote about social problems created by materialism |
Jose Marti | Cuban Writer/Politician
Modernistic pieces
Hero of the Cuban independence
Fought against the Spaniards
Main message is freedom and liberalism |
Octavio Paz | Mexican Poet and Essayist
Neither an idealist nor symbolist
Concepts of loneliness and existential restlessness |
Pablo Neruda | Chilean poet with Marxist convictions
Most important poets of the 20th century
Modernistic
Celebrate nature and the American man |
Jose de San Martin | Argentinian general known as liberator of Argentina and Chile
Fought w/Spaniards against the French in Spain's war of independence
Fought against the Spaniards for independence of L.A. countries
Organized army of Andes
Known as Protector of Peru |
Cristobal Colon | Genoese Navigator
Sailed west to east
The Pinta, Nina, and Santa Maria
Arrived in 1492 |
Simon Bolivar | Liberator of Venezuela
Helped Peru and Bolivia to obtain independence
Wrote constitution for the Republic of Bolivia |
Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz | Most important American author of lyric poetry
Lived in Mexico
Wrote on disadvantages of women
Was a nun
Represenative of the baroque |
Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador
Founded La Espanola
Conquered Cuba and arrived in Mexico
Conqueror of Aztecs |
Aztecs | Central Mexico
Most powerful group
Leaders: Montezuma I and Montezuma II
Capital: Tenochtitlan
Well developed society
Daily sacrifice of human heart to sun god
Nahuatl |
Mayans | Inhabited Yucatan
Most advanced culture
Intellectuals: arithmetic, calendar, hieroglyphic writing
Practiced human sacrifices |
Incas | Inhabited: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile
Advanced culture; had clans, communal agriculture
Extended empire over weaker neighboring tribes
Tyrannical policy: used violence to control subjects
Not advanced in art but architecture |
General Francisco Franco | Led campaign against Republican gov.
Divided Spain: Lefts and Rights
1936: Spain civil War began; lasted 3 years
Defeated Republicans and established dictatorship which was supported by the church and army
Death in 1975 |
Spanish Armada | Composed of 130 ships and 20,000 sailors
Considered invincible
Queen Elizabeth I destroyed fleet; never was the same again |
Bourbons | European Royal House
Most famous Bourbon in Spain was Carlos II of Spain
Carlos V became King in 1700 and started War of Spanish Succession |
Miguel de Unamuno | Author from generation of 98, a group of Spanish writers
Main message was that Spain needed to abandon it traditions and integrate with Europe |
Benito Perez Galdos | Spanish author
Best known for historic novels in which he mixed reality with fiction
Analyze origins of Spanish Revolution |
Emilia Pardo Bazan | Countess/important novelist
Introduce naturalism to Spain
wrote social studies and commentaries
Deals with life and customs of Galicia
Study human condition
Wrote more than 500 pieces |
Federico Garcia Lorca | Wrote dramatic pieces/poetry/theater
Super-Realist
Offers a separate world with creations that oscillate between reality and fantasy
1936 was assassinated after Spanish Civl War began |
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra | Wrote most popular Spanish novel, Don Quijote de la Mancha
Published in two parts: 1605 and 1615 |
Muslims in Spain | 711, from north of Africa invaded the Iberian Peninsula
Controlled Spain until 1492
Arab roots in Spain
Mosque of Cordoba |
Alfonso X | King of Castilla-Leon from 1252-1284
Used castilian as official language |