Question | Answer |
Before the nature of the atom was discovered, scientists thought that a weightless, invisible fluid called [...] made objects either hot or cold. | Before the nature of the atom was discovered, scientists thought that a weightless, invisible fluid called caloric made objects either hot or cold. |
In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier proposed that caloric moved from [...] objects to [...] objects. | In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier proposed that caloric moved from hot objects to cold objects. |
The [...] energy of a substance is the combined motion of all the particles within it. | The thermal energy of a substance is the combined motion of all the particles within it. |
[...] is the transfer of thermal energy. | Heat is the transfer of thermal energy. |
If thermal energy is not moving from one object to another, you don't call it '[...]'. | If thermal energy is not moving from one object to another, you don't call it 'heat'. |
You only call thermal energy '[...]' when it's moving from one object to another. | You only call thermal energy 'heat' when it's moving from one object to another. |
[...] of molecules transfer thermal energy (not 'caloric'). | Collisions of molecules transfer thermal energy (not 'caloric'). |
[...] energy: the internal kinetic energy of all the particles in any substance | Thermal energy: the internal kinetic energy of all the particles in any substance |
[...]: the measure of the thermal energy within any substance | Temperature: the measure of the thermal energy within any substance |
[...] measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance | temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance |
[...]: the change in thermal energy of a substance | Heat: the change in thermal energy of a substance |
A [...] is the amount of heat it takes to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius. | A calorie (cal) is the amount of heat it takes to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius. |
A [...] is the common unit for energy outside of food. | A joule (j) is the common unit for energy outside of food. |
temperature measures the [...] of the particles in a substance | temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance |
[...] is measured by a change in temperature | heat is measured by a change in temperature |
A calorie (cal) is the amount of heat it takes to raise one gram of [...] by one degree Celsius. | A calorie (cal) is the amount of heat it takes to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius. |
A calorie (cal) is the amount of heat it takes to raise one gram of water by [...] degree Celsius. | A calorie (cal) is the amount of heat it takes to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius. |
The Calories on food labels (with a capital 'C') are actually [...]. | The Calories on food labels (with a capital 'C') are actually kilocalories. |