Question | Answer |
The [...] atom has replaced the Bohr model of the atom. | The quantum atom has replaced the Bohr model of the atom. |
In the quantum atom, electrons exist in more complex [...] than in the Bohr model. | In the quantum atom, electrons exist in more complex orbitals than in the Bohr model. |
The work of [...] and others resulted in yet another, more precise model of the atom. This new model is called the quantum atom model. | The work of Schrödinger and others resulted in yet another, more precise model of the atom. This new model is called the quantum atom model. |
Schrödinger stated that electrons are moving in orbitals around the nucleus in specific [...] levels. | Schrödinger stated that electrons are moving in orbitals around the nucleus in specific energy levels. |
The orbitals are named [...], [...], [...], and [...]. | The orbitals are named s, p, d, and f. |
You can remember the names of the orbitals by remembering that [...] in chemistry because they memorize the important facts! | You can remember the names of the orbitals by remembering that Some People Do Fine in chemistry because they memorize the important facts! |
Each of the orbitals represents the paths of electrons with different levels of [...]. | Each of the orbitals represents the paths of electrons with different levels of energy. |
There are no in-between [...] levels in the quantum model. | There are no in-between energy levels in the quantum model. |
The quantum theory of the atom says that electrons exist in very discrete [...] states, each represented by differently shaped [...]. | The quantum theory of the atom says that electrons exist in very discrete energy states, each represented by differently shaped orbitals. |
To determine the electron patterns that exist in any atom, you will use an [...] filling diagram. | To determine the electron patterns that exist in any atom, you will use an orbital filling diagram. |
An orbital filling diagram is also called an [...] diagram, from the German word meaning "construction." | An orbital filling diagram is also called an aufbau diagram, from the German word meaning "construction." |
Electrons fill up the [...] energy orbital first (aufbau principle). | Electrons fill up the lowest energy orbital first (aufbau principle). |
Only two electrons may occupy one orbital [...], and they must have opposite spin directions (Pauli exclusion principle). | Only two electrons may occupy one orbital box, and they must have opposite spin directions (Pauli exclusion principle). |
Subshells fill so that the number of unpaired spins is [...] (Hund's Rule). | Subshells fill so that the number of unpaired spins is maximized (Hund's Rule). |
Fill up all the boxes in an orbital with [...]-electrons before pairing them (Hund's Rule). | Fill up all the boxes in an orbital with single-electrons before pairing them (Hund's Rule). |
You can use an orbital filling diagram to determine the electron configuration of [...]; just remember, they have fewer electrons than protons. | You can use an orbital filling diagram to determine the electron configuration of cations; just remember, they have fewer electrons than protons. |
You can use an orbital filling diagram to determine the electron configuration of [...]; just remember, they have more electrons than protons. | You can use an orbital filling diagram to determine the electron configuration of anions; just remember, they have more electrons than protons. |
Knowing the arrangement of [...] in atoms is key to predicting chemical reactions. | Knowing the arrangement of electrons in atoms is key to predicting chemical reactions. |