Question | Answer |
What are the 3 types of bonds? | Ionic, covalent and metallic |
An ionic bond ___ electrons and are composed of: | transfers, a metal and nonmetal |
A covalent bond is composed of | two nonmetals |
Octet rule is used with ___ bonding | covalent |
An atom has an octet when it has: | 8 valence electrons - particularly stable |
___ and ___ always has two paired dots for Lewis structures | H and He |
Bonding pair | A pair of shared electrons |
Lone pair | Electrons not involved in bonding |
Most electronegative atom? | Fluorine |
Dipole moment occurs: | anytime there is a separation of positive and negative charge |
Resonance structure | 1 or 2 more skeletal structures that has the same skeletal structure formula |
Formal charge | A charge assigned to each atom to determine the best way to draw a lewis structure |
Free radicals are also known as ____ | odd-electron molecules |
Odd electron molecules | molecules and ions with an odd number of electrons in their Lewis structure. ex: NO |
Incomplete octets | molecules of ions w/ fewer than 8 electrons around an atom |
Incomplete octets and ___ are the same thing | electron deficient molecules |
Expanded octets | molecules that may have more than 8 electrons around an atom |
3 exceptions to the octet rule? | 1. odd elctrpn molecules
2. incomplete octets
3. expanded octets |
Because of the d-orbital, atoms in the ___ period or later can accomodate more than 8 electrons | 3rd |
When bonds break, the process is ___ | endothermic |
When bonds form, the process is ___ | exothermic |
When we have different nonmetals comnined, this is a __ | molecular compound |
When we have the same nonmetals combined, this is a __ | molecular element |
Atomic element | exists when we have an element by itself |
Covalent bonding results from ___ | sharing of electrons |
Metals typically have a ___ electronegativity | LOWER |
Electronegativity has the same trend as | ionization energy |
Dipole arrows are used to: | show the difference in electronegativity between 2 elements bonded together |
The dipole arrow points towards: | more electronegative element |
Dipole arrows must be used if | a polar bond exists |
Nonpolar bond | when electronegatives are the same |
Polar bond | the difference in electronegatives |
Resonance structures are used when __ __ are involved | multiple bonds |
Bond order | average strength of the bond |
Bond energy | the amount of energy required to break mole of bonds |