Question | Answer |
Chemical Reaction | Occurs when one or more substances change or recombine in new ways to form new substances |
Reactants | The starting materials in a chemical reaction (on the left side) |
Products | The substances that are the result of the change in the chemical reaction (on the right side) |
Signs of a chemical change | Formation of precipitate, temperature change, color change, or formation of gas |
Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy | Reactions must converve matter (mass and charge), and energy. Conserve EVERYTHING! |
Chemical Equation | Using symbols and numbers to represent the changes that occur during a chemical reaction |
Coefficients | big numbers put in front of formulas to balance an equation |
Synthesis (direct combination) | combine 2 or more reactants to make a bigger product |
Decomposition | break down a big reactant into smaller chemicals |
Single Replacement | One element is kicked out of a compound and replaced by another. Table J tells if this can be spontaneous. |
Double Replacement | Chemical square dance do-si-do. Positive and negative ions trade partners. |
Precipitate | A cloudy, solid that forms from soluble reactants |
Subscripts | The little numbers after the symbols to tell how many atoms there are |
The driving force for chemical reactions | Elements react to become more stable |
Empirical Formula | a formula in which the quantities of each element are written in the lowest whole number ratio |
Molecular Formula | a formula in which the quantities of each element are written in the whole number ratio that could be recuced further |
Phase Symbols | (s) = solid; (l) =liquid; (g) =gas; (aq)=solution in water |
How table J works | Higher (more reactive) elements can kick lower elements out of their compounds and take their place in single replacement reactions. |