| Question | Answer |
| balanitis | an inflammation of the glans penis and is often associated with phimosis |
| phimosis | a narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it cannot be retracted (pulled back) to expose the glans penis. |
| anorchism | the congenital absence of one or both testicles |
| cryptochidism | also known as undescended testis, is a developmental defect in which one testicle fails to descend into the scrotum |
| hydrocele | a hernia filled with fluid in the testicles or the tubes leading from the testicles |
| varicocele | a varicose vein of the testicles that may cuase male infertility |
| impotence | also known as erectile dysfunction, is the inability of the male to achieve or maintain a penile erection |
| polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is characterized by englargement of the ovaries caused by the presence of many cysts. |
| pyosalpinx | an accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube |
| salpingitis | an inflammation of the fallopian tube |
| endometriosis | is a condition in whihc endometrial tissue escapes the uterus and grows outside the uterus on other structures in the pelvic cavity |
| fibroid | also known as a leiomyoma, is a benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus. |
| pyometritis | is a purulent (pus containing) inflammation of the uterus |
| uterine cancer | occurs most commonly after menopause, and one of the earliest symptoms is abnormal bleeding from the uterus |
| anteflexion | is the normal position of the uterus. in this position its bent forward |
| anteversion | abnormal tipping, tilting, or turning forward of the entire uterus, including the cervix |
| prolapse | (of the uterus) is a falling or sinking down of the uterus until it protrudes through the vaginal opening |
| retroflextion | abnormal tipping with the body of the uterus bent, forming an angle with the cervix |
| retroversion | abnormal tipping of the entire uterus backward, with the cervix pointing toward the pubic symphysis |
| cervical cancer | is the second most common cancer in women and usually affects women between the ages of 35 and 55. it can be detected early through routine pap tests |
| cervical dysplasia | aslo known as precancerous lesions, is the abnormal growth of cells of the cervix that may be detected on a pap smear. |
| colporrhexis | laceration of the vagina |
| pruritus vulvae | a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia |
| vaginal candidiasis | caused by yeast, is the most commonly occuring vaginal yeast infection |
| vulvodynia | a nonspecific syndrome of unknown cause characterized by chronic burning, pain during sexual intercourse, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva |
| fibrocystic breast disease | is the presence of single or multiple cysts in the breasts. |
| galactocele | aslo known as galactoma, is a cystic enlargement of the mammory gland containing milk |
| mastitis | an inflammation of the breast |
| mittelschmerz | pain between menstrual periods |
| premenstral syndrome (PMS) | includes symptoms occuring within the 2 week period before menstruation such as bloating, edema, headaches, mood swings, and breast discomfort |
| endovaginal ultrasound | a diagnostic test to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding. |
| hysterosalpingography | is a radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes after the injection of radioplaque material |
| hysteroscopy | is the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus using the magnification of a hysteroscope |
| papanicolaou test | also known as pap smear, is an exfoliative biopsy for the detection and diagnosis of condtions of the cervix and surrounding tissues |
| tubal ligation | a surgical procedure performed for purpose of female sterilization |
| conization | also known as cone biopsy, is the surgical removal of a cone-shaped section of tissue from the cervix |
| dilation and curettage | is the dilation of the cervix and curettage of the uterus.dilation-is the expansion of an openingcurettage-is the removal of material from the surface |
| hysterectomy | is the surgical removal of the uterus and may or may not include the cervix |
| vaginal hysterectomy | is performed through the vagina |
| total abdominal hysterectomy | is performed through an incision in the abdomen. |
| nulligravida | is a woman who has never been pregnant |
| nulligravida | is a woman who has never borne a viable child |
| primigravida | is a woman during her first pregnancy |
| primipara | is a woman who has borne one child |
| muliparous | means a woman who has given birth two or more times |
| preeclampsia | also known as toxemia of pregnancy, is a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria |
| eclampsia | a more serious form of preeclampsia, is characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma |
| abruptio placentae | is an abnormal condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall prematurely before the birth of the fetus |
| breech presentation | is when the buttocks or feet of the fetus are presented first |
| placenta previa | is the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus. |
| chorionic villus sampling | is the retrieval of chorionic cells from the placenta between the eighth to tenth weeks of pregnancy |
| pelvimetry | is the measurement of the dimensions of the pelvis to determine its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal |
| apgar score | an evaluation of a newborn infant's physical status by assigning numerical values to each of five criteria |
| episiotomy | a surgical incision of the perineum and vagina to facilitate delivery and prevent laceraction of the tissues |
