Term | Definition |
Variable | a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values |
Data | the values the variable assume |
Random Varibale | variable whose values are determined by chance |
Data Set | a collection of data values |
Data Value-Datum | each value of the data set |
Probability | chance the likelihood something will happen |
Population | consists of all subjects that are being studied |
Sample | a group of subjects selected from a populations |
Hypotheseis | a decision-making |
Independent Varibale (Exploratory) | |
Dependent Event (Outcome,Resultant) | |
True vs. Quasi Experiments | |
Confounding Variable | |
Hawthorne Effect | |
Control Group | |
Treatment Group | |
Margin of Error | |
Margin of Error Interval | |
Biased Question | |
Unbiased Question | |
Sequential Sampling | |
Double Sampling | |
Multistage Sampling | |
Examples how statistics is used in everyday life | -sports
-public health
-education |
Reasons to study statistics | -to understand
-conduct experiments
-comincate results
-be a better consumer |
Branch areas of Statistics | -Descriptive
organizations, collections, presentation of data
-Inferential
probability, population of all subject being study, Hypothesis Testing-making process for evaluating claims about a population |
Examples of Variables | Qualities Variables:
Def: can be
Ex: Gender, Color, Religion, Location
Quantitative Variable:
Ex: Age, Weight, Height, Body Temp |
Boundaries | Ex:
16
you would have
15.5-16.5 |
Measurement Levels | Nominal Ex:
gender,zip code, marital status
Ordinal Ex:
Letter Grade, Ranking
Ratio Ex:
Salary, Age, Height
Intervals Ex:
IQ Test, SAT/ACT, Temperature |
Two Purpose of Collection Data | 1: Descibe Events or Stituations
2: To help people make better decisions |
Three Ways to Collect Data | 1: Surveys
2: Surveying Records
3: Direct Observations |
Advantages and Disadvantages of the three kinds of Surveys | |
Examples of Each Sampling Method | Random Ex:generating a number at random by the computer
Systematic Ex:selecting the kth subject
Stratified Ex:sort into groups on common characteristics and the sample
Cluster Ex: divided into clusters then select at random |
Examples of kind of studies | |
Two advantages for observational | |
Two disadvantages for observational | |
Two advantages for Experimental | |
Two disadvantages for Experimental | |
Identify the independent variables from studies | |
Indetify the dependent variables from studies | |
List the five uses for statistics | |
List the seven misuses of Statistics | |
Identify things that make survey question bad | |
List the Problems for getting random samples | -Every member of the population must be equal |
List the Problems for getting systematic samples | |