| |
H | Hydrogen # 1 --- Mass = 1.01 <br> Electroneg. = 2.1 --- Density = 0.0000833 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.12 <br> Melt = 14 - Boil = 20 <br> Colourless, odourless, flammable gas <br> Valence = 1 |
He | Helium # 2 --- Mass = 4 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.000166 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = 0.18 <br> Melt = 1 - Boil = 4 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2 |
Li | Lithium # 3 --- Mass = 6.94 <br> Electroneg. = 1 --- Density = 0.53 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.18 <br> Melt = 454 - Boil = 1615 <br> Shiny, soft, silver-grey, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 1 |
Be | Beryllium # 4 --- Mass = 9.01 <br> Electroneg. = 1.5 --- Density = 1.85 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1551 - Boil = 3243 <br> Hard, brittle, steel-grey semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 2 |
B | Boron # 5 --- Mass = 10.81 <br> Electroneg. = 2 --- Density = 2.34 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2573 - Boil = 2823 <br> Hard, brittle, shiny, black semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 3 |
C | Carbon (graphite) # 6 --- Mass = 12.01 <br> Electroneg. = 2.5 --- Density = 2.25 <br> Valency = 4 (2) --- Radius = 0.17 <br> Melt = 3925 - Boil = 5100 <br> Dark grey solid <br> Valence = 2, 4 |
N | Nitrogen # 7 --- Mass = 14.01 <br> Electroneg. = 3 --- Density = 0.00116 <br> Valency = 3 (5) --- Radius = 0.155 <br> Melt = 63 - Boil = 77 <br> Colourless, odourless, relatively unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 5 |
O | Oxygen # 8 --- Mass = 16 <br> Electroneg. = 3.5 --- Density = 0.00133 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = 0.15 <br> Melt = 55 - Boil = 90 <br> Colourless, odourless gas, supports combustion <br> Valence = 2, 6 |
F | Fluorine # 9 --- Mass = 19 <br> Electroneg. = 4 --- Density = 0.00158 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.155 <br> Melt = 53 - Boil = 85 <br> Pale yellow, highly reactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 7 |
Ne | Neon # 10 --- Mass = 20.18 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.000833 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = 0.16 <br> Melt = 25 - Boil = 27 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 8 |
Na | Sodium # 11 --- Mass = 22.99 <br> Electroneg. = 0.9 --- Density = 0.97 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.23 <br> Melt = 371 - Boil = 1156 <br> Shiny, soft, silver-grey, very reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 1 |
Mg | Magnesium # 12 --- Mass = 24.31 <br> Electroneg. = 1.2 --- Density = 1.74 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = 0.17 <br> Melt = 922 - Boil = 1380 <br> Shiny, silver-grey, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 2 |
Al | Aluminium # 13 --- Mass = 26.92 <br> Electroneg. = 1.5 --- Density = 2.7 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 933 - Boil = 2740 <br> Shiny, silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 3 |
Si | Silicon # 14 --- Mass = 28.09 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 2.32 <br> Valency = 4 --- Radius = 0.21 <br> Melt = 1683 - Boil = 2628 <br> Shiny grey semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 4 |
P | Phosphorus (white) # 15 --- Mass = 30.97 <br> Electroneg. = 2.1 --- Density = 1.82 <br> Valency = 5 (3) --- Radius = 0.185 <br> Melt = 317 - Boil = 553 <br> White powder <br> Valence = 2, 8, 5 |
S | Sulfur (rhombic) # 16 --- Mass = 32.06 <br> Electroneg. = 2.5 --- Density = 2.07 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = 0.18 <br> Melt = 386 - Boil = 718 <br> Yellow powder <br> Valence = 2, 8, 6 |
Cl | Chlorine # 17 --- Mass = 35.45 <br> Electroneg. = 3 --- Density = 0.00296 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.18 <br> Melt = 172 - Boil = 238 <br> Greenish-yellow, very reactive gas, bleachy smell <br> Valence = 2, 8, 7 |
Ar | Argon # 18 --- Mass = 39.95 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.00166 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = 0.19 <br> Melt = 84 - Boil = 87 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 8, 8 |
K | Potassium # 19 --- Mass = 39.1 <br> Electroneg. = 0.8 --- Density = 0.86 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.28 <br> Melt = 336 - Boil = 1033 <br> Shiny, soft, silver-grey, extremely reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 8, 1 |
Ca | Calcium # 20 --- Mass = 40.08 <br> Electroneg. = 1 --- Density = 1.54 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1112 - Boil = 1757 <br> Shiny, silver-grey, very reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 8, 2 |
Sc | Scandium # 21 --- Mass = 44.96 <br> Electroneg. = 1.3 --- Density = 2.99 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1814 - Boil = 3104 <br> Fairly soft, silvery-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 9, 2 |
Ti | Titanium # 22 --- Mass = 47.9 <br> Electroneg. = 1.5 --- Density = 4.5 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1933 - Boil = 3560 <br> Shiny, dark-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 10, 2 |
V | Vanadium # 23 --- Mass = 50.94 <br> Electroneg. = 1.6 --- Density = 5.96 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2163 - Boil = 3653 <br> Silvery-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 11, 2 |
Cr | Chromium # 24 --- Mass = 52 <br> Electroneg. = 1.6 --- Density = 7.2 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2130 - Boil = 2943 <br> Very hard, blue-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 13, 1 |
Mn | Manganese # 25 --- Mass = 54.94 <br> Electroneg. = 1.5 --- Density = 7.2 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1517 - Boil = 2235 <br> Hard, brittle, grey-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 13, 2 |
Fe | Iron # 26 --- Mass = 55.85 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 7.86 <br> Valency = 3 (2) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1808 - Boil = 3023 <br> Silvery, magnetic metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 14, 2 |
Co | Cobalt # 27 --- Mass = 58.93 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 8.9 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1768 - Boil = 3143 <br> Bluish-grey, magnetic metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 15, 2 |
Ni | Nickel # 28 --- Mass = 58.71 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 8.9 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = 0.16 <br> Melt = 1728 - Boil = 3003 <br> Hard, silvery-white, magnetic metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 16, 2 |
Cu | Copper # 29 --- Mass = 63.55 <br> Electroneg. = 1.9 --- Density = 8.92 <br> Valency = 2 (1) --- Radius = 0.14 <br> Melt = 1356 - Boil = 2840 <br> Reddish-brown, relatively unreactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 1 |
Zn | Zinc # 30 --- Mass = 65.38 <br> Electroneg. = 1.6 --- Density = 7.14 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = 0.14 <br> Melt = 693 - Boil = 1180 <br> Bluish-silver metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 2 |
Ga | Gallium # 31 --- Mass = 69.74 <br> Electroneg. = 1.6 --- Density = 5.9 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = 0.19 <br> Melt = 303 - Boil = 2676 <br> Soft, blue-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 3 |
Ge | Germanium # 32 --- Mass = 72.59 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 5.35 <br> Valency = 4 (2) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1210 - Boil = 3103 <br> Greyish-white, brittle semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 4 |
As | Arsenic (grey) # 33 --- Mass = 74.92 <br> Electroneg. = 2 --- Density = 5.73 <br> Valency = 3 (5) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 889 - Boil = 889 <br> Steel-grey, brittle semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 5 |
Se | Selenium # 34 --- Mass = 78.96 <br> Electroneg. = 2.4 --- Density = 4.81 <br> Valency = 2 (4) --- Radius = 0.19 <br> Melt = 490 - Boil = 958 <br> Soft grey semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 6 |
Br | Bromine # 35 --- Mass = 79.91 <br> Electroneg. = 2.8 --- Density = 3.12 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.19 <br> Melt = 266 - Boil = 332 <br> Reddish-brown reactive liquid, bleachy smell <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 7 |
Kr | Krypton # 36 --- Mass = 83.8 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.00346 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = 0.2 <br> Melt = 116 - Boil = 121 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 8 |
Rb | Rubidium # 37 --- Mass = 85.47 <br> Electroneg. = 0.8 --- Density = 1.53 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 312 - Boil = 959 <br> Soft, silvery-white, violently reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 |
Sr | Strontium # 38 --- Mass = 87.62 <br> Electroneg. = 1 --- Density = 2.6 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1042 - Boil = 1657 <br> Soft, silvery, highly reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 |
Y | Yttrium # 39 --- Mass = 88.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 4.47 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1795 - Boil = 3611 <br> Silvery, fairly reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 |
Zr | Zirconium # 40 --- Mass = 91.22 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 6.49 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2125 - Boil = 4650 <br> Grey-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 |
Nb | Niobium # 41 --- Mass = 92.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 8.57 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2740 - Boil = 5015 <br> Shiny, white, soft metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
Mo | Molybdenum # 42 --- Mass = 95.94 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 10.2 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2883 - Boil = 5833 <br> Hard, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 |
Tc | Technetium # 43 --- Mass = 98.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 11.5 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2445 - Boil = 5150 <br> Silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 14, 1 |
Ru | Ruthenium # 44 --- Mass = 101.07 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 12.3 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2583 - Boil = 4173 <br> Brittle, unreactive, silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
Rh | Rhodium # 45 --- Mass = 102.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 12.4 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2239 - Boil = 4000 <br> Hard, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 |
Pd | Palladium # 46 --- Mass = 106.4 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 12.02 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1827 - Boil = 3243 <br> Soft, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18 |
Ag | Silver # 47 --- Mass = 107.87 <br> Electroneg. = 1.9 --- Density = 10.5 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.16 <br> Melt = 1235 - Boil = 2485 <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 |
Cd | Cadmium # 48 --- Mass = 112.41 <br> Electroneg. = 1.7 --- Density = 8.64 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = 0.17 <br> Melt = 594 - Boil = 1038 <br> Soft, blue-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 |
In | Indium # 49 --- Mass = 114.82 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 7.3 <br> Valency = 3 (1) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 429 - Boil = 2353 <br> Soft, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 |
Sn | Tin (white) # 50 --- Mass = 118.69 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 7.28 <br> Valency = 4 (2) --- Radius = 0.19 <br> Melt = 505 - Boil = 2543 <br> Soft, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 |
Sb | Antimony # 51 --- Mass = 121.75 <br> Electroneg. = 1.9 --- Density = 6.68 <br> Valency = 3 (5) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 904 - Boil = 2023 <br> Hard, brittle, silver-white semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 |
Te | Tellurium # 52 --- Mass = 127.6 <br> Electroneg. = 2.1 --- Density = 6 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = 0.21 <br> Melt = 723 - Boil = 1263 <br> Brittle, silver-white, semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 |
I | Iodine # 53 --- Mass = 126.9 <br> Electroneg. = 2.5 --- Density = 4.93 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.195 <br> Melt = 387 - Boil = 457 <br> Shiny, black, non-metallic solid with bleachy smell <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 |
Xe | Xenon # 54 --- Mass = 131.3 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.00546 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = 0.22 <br> Melt = 161 - Boil = 166 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 |
Cs | Caesium # 55 --- Mass = 132.91 <br> Electroneg. = 0.7 --- Density = 1.88 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 302 - Boil = 942 <br> Soft, shiny, gold-coloured, violently reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 |
Ba | Barium # 56 --- Mass = 137.33 <br> Electroneg. = 0.9 --- Density = 3.51 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 998 - Boil = 1913 <br> Iron-grey, extremely reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 |
La | Lanthanum # 57 --- Mass = 138.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 6.14 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1194 - Boil = 3730 <br> Soft, silver-white, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 |
Ce | Cerium # 58 --- Mass = 140.12 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Iron-grey, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 20, 8, 2 |
Pr | Praseodymium # 59 --- Mass = 140.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white, fairly soft, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 |
Nd | Neodymium # 60 --- Mass = 144.24 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 |
Pm | Promethium # 61 --- Mass = 144.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silvery, fairly reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 |
Sm | Samarium # 62 --- Mass = 150.35 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 |
Eu | Europium # 63 --- Mass = 151.96 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silvery-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 |
Gd | Gadolinium # 64 --- Mass = 157.25 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silvery-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 |
Tb | Terbium # 65 --- Mass = 158.93 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 |
Dy | Dysprosium # 66 --- Mass = 162.5 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 |
Ho | Holmium # 67 --- Mass = 164.93 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Fairly soft, silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 |
Er | Erbium # 68 --- Mass = 167.26 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 |
Tm | Thulium # 69 --- Mass = 168.93 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 |
Yb | Ytterbium # 70 --- Mass = 173.04 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 |
Lu | Lutetium # 71 --- Mass = 174.97 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white, hard, dense metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 |
Hf | Hafnium # 72 --- Mass = 178.49 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 13.31 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2500 - Boil = 4875 <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 |
Ta | Tantalum # 73 --- Mass = 180.95 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 16.6 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 3269 - Boil = 5700 <br> Grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 |
W | Tungsten # 74 --- Mass = 183.85 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 19.35 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 3683 - Boil = 5933 <br> Hard, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 |
Re | Rhenium # 75 --- Mass = 186.21 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 20.53 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 3453 - Boil = 5900 <br> Hard, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 |
Os | Osmium # 76 --- Mass = 190.2 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 22.48 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2973 - Boil = 5570 <br> Hard, unreactive, blue-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 |
Ir | Iridium # 77 --- Mass = 192.22 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 22.42 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2683 - Boil = 4403 <br> Extremely hard, unreactive, silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 |
Pt | Platinum # 78 --- Mass = 195.09 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 21.45 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2045 - Boil = 4100 <br> Silver-white, unreactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 |
Au | Gold # 79 --- Mass = 196.97 <br> Electroneg. = 2.4 --- Density = 18.88 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = 0.175 <br> Melt = 1337 - Boil = 3353 <br> Soft, unreactive, bright yellow metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
Hg | Mercury # 80 --- Mass = 200.59 <br> Electroneg. = 1.9 --- Density = 13.59 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = 0.17 <br> Melt = 234 - Boil = 630 <br> Dense, silver-white, unreactive liquid metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 |
Tl | Thallium # 81 --- Mass = 204.37 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 11.85 <br> Valency = 3 (1) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 577 - Boil = 1730 <br> Soft, grey, fairly reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 |
Pb | Lead # 82 --- Mass = 207.19 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 11.34 <br> Valency = 2 (4) --- Radius = 0.2 <br> Melt = 601 - Boil = 2013 <br> Soft, pale-grey, shiny metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 |
Bi | Bismuth # 83 --- Mass = 208.98 <br> Electroneg. = 1.9 --- Density = 9.8 <br> Valency = 3 (5) --- Radius = 0.2 <br> Melt = 544 - Boil = 1833 <br> Hard, brittle, whitish metal with a reddish tint <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 |
Po | Polonium # 84 --- Mass = 210 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 9.4 <br> Valency = 2 (4) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 527 - Boil = 1235 <br> Silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 |
At | Astatine # 85 --- Mass = 209.99 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 575 - Boil = 610 <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 |
Rn | Radon # 86 --- Mass = 222.02 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.00925 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 202 - Boil = 211 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 |
Fr | Francium # 87 --- Mass = 223.02 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 300 - Boil = 950 <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 |
Ra | Radium # 88 --- Mass = 226.03 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 5 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 973 - Boil = - <br> Silver-white, dense, extremely reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 |
Ac | Actinium # 89 --- Mass = 227.03 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 10.07 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1323 - Boil = 3473 <br> Soft, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2 |
Th | Thorium # 90 --- Mass = 232.04 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 11.7 <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2023 - Boil = 5060 <br> Soft, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 |
Pa | Protactinium # 91 --- Mass = 231.04 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 15.37 <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = 4300 <br> Silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 |
U | Uranium # 92 --- Mass = 238.03 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 19.05 <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1405 - Boil = 4091 <br> Dense, silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2 |
Np | Neptunium # 93 --- Mass = 239.05 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2 |
Pu | Plutonium # 94 --- Mass = 239.05 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 19.84 <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 914 - Boil = 3505 <br> Silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 |
Am | Americium # 95 --- Mass = 243.06 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2 |
Cm | Curium # 96 --- Mass = 247.07 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2 |
Bk | Berkelium # 97 --- Mass = 247.07 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2 |
Cf | Californium # 98 --- Mass = 252.08 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2 |
Es | Einsteinium # 99 --- Mass = 254.09 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2 |
Fm | Fermium # 100 --- Mass = 253.09 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2 |
Md | Mendelevium # 101 --- Mass = 257.1 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2 |
No | Nobelium # 102 --- Mass = 255.09 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2 |
Lr | Lawrencium # 103 --- Mass = 257 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 9, 2 |
Rf | Rutherfordium # 104 --- Mass = 260 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 |
Db | Dubnium # 105 --- Mass = 262.11 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2 |
Sg | Seaborgium # 106 --- Mass = 266.12 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = - |
Bh | Bohrium # 107 --- Mass = 264.12 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = - |
Hs | Hassium # 108 --- Mass = 269.13 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = - |
Mt | Meitnerium # 109 --- Mass = 268.13 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = - |
Hydrogen | H # 1 --- Mass = 1.01 <br> Electroneg. = 2.1 --- Density = 0.0000833 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.12 <br> Melt = 14 - Boil = 20 <br> Colourless, odourless, flammable gas <br> Valence = 1 |
Helium | He # 2 --- Mass = 4 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.000166 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = 0.18 <br> Melt = 1 - Boil = 4 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2 |
Lithium | Li # 3 --- Mass = 6.94 <br> Electroneg. = 1 --- Density = 0.53 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.18 <br> Melt = 454 - Boil = 1615 <br> Shiny, soft, silver-grey, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 1 |
Beryllium | Be # 4 --- Mass = 9.01 <br> Electroneg. = 1.5 --- Density = 1.85 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1551 - Boil = 3243 <br> Hard, brittle, steel-grey semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 2 |
Boron | B # 5 --- Mass = 10.81 <br> Electroneg. = 2 --- Density = 2.34 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2573 - Boil = 2823 <br> Hard, brittle, shiny, black semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 3 |
Carbon (graphite) | C # 6 --- Mass = 12.01 <br> Electroneg. = 2.5 --- Density = 2.25 <br> Valency = 4 (2) --- Radius = 0.17 <br> Melt = 3925 - Boil = 5100 <br> Dark grey solid <br> Valence = 2, 4 |
Nitrogen | N # 7 --- Mass = 14.01 <br> Electroneg. = 3 --- Density = 0.00116 <br> Valency = 3 (5) --- Radius = 0.155 <br> Melt = 63 - Boil = 77 <br> Colourless, odourless, relatively unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 5 |
Oxygen | O # 8 --- Mass = 16 <br> Electroneg. = 3.5 --- Density = 0.00133 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = 0.15 <br> Melt = 55 - Boil = 90 <br> Colourless, odourless gas, supports combustion <br> Valence = 2, 6 |
Fluorine | F # 9 --- Mass = 19 <br> Electroneg. = 4 --- Density = 0.00158 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.155 <br> Melt = 53 - Boil = 85 <br> Pale yellow, highly reactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 7 |
Neon | Ne # 10 --- Mass = 20.18 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.000833 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = 0.16 <br> Melt = 25 - Boil = 27 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 8 |
Sodium | Na # 11 --- Mass = 22.99 <br> Electroneg. = 0.9 --- Density = 0.97 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.23 <br> Melt = 371 - Boil = 1156 <br> Shiny, soft, silver-grey, very reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 1 |
Magnesium | Mg # 12 --- Mass = 24.31 <br> Electroneg. = 1.2 --- Density = 1.74 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = 0.17 <br> Melt = 922 - Boil = 1380 <br> Shiny, silver-grey, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 2 |
Aluminium | Al # 13 --- Mass = 26.92 <br> Electroneg. = 1.5 --- Density = 2.7 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 933 - Boil = 2740 <br> Shiny, silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 3 |
Silicon | Si # 14 --- Mass = 28.09 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 2.32 <br> Valency = 4 --- Radius = 0.21 <br> Melt = 1683 - Boil = 2628 <br> Shiny grey semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 4 |
Phosphorus (white) | P # 15 --- Mass = 30.97 <br> Electroneg. = 2.1 --- Density = 1.82 <br> Valency = 5 (3) --- Radius = 0.185 <br> Melt = 317 - Boil = 553 <br> White powder <br> Valence = 2, 8, 5 |
Sulfur (rhombic) | S # 16 --- Mass = 32.06 <br> Electroneg. = 2.5 --- Density = 2.07 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = 0.18 <br> Melt = 386 - Boil = 718 <br> Yellow powder <br> Valence = 2, 8, 6 |
Chlorine | Cl # 17 --- Mass = 35.45 <br> Electroneg. = 3 --- Density = 0.00296 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.18 <br> Melt = 172 - Boil = 238 <br> Greenish-yellow, very reactive gas, bleachy smell <br> Valence = 2, 8, 7 |
Argon | Ar # 18 --- Mass = 39.95 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.00166 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = 0.19 <br> Melt = 84 - Boil = 87 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 8, 8 |
Potassium | K # 19 --- Mass = 39.1 <br> Electroneg. = 0.8 --- Density = 0.86 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.28 <br> Melt = 336 - Boil = 1033 <br> Shiny, soft, silver-grey, extremely reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 8, 1 |
Calcium | Ca # 20 --- Mass = 40.08 <br> Electroneg. = 1 --- Density = 1.54 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1112 - Boil = 1757 <br> Shiny, silver-grey, very reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 8, 2 |
Scandium | Sc # 21 --- Mass = 44.96 <br> Electroneg. = 1.3 --- Density = 2.99 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1814 - Boil = 3104 <br> Fairly soft, silvery-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 9, 2 |
Titanium | Ti # 22 --- Mass = 47.9 <br> Electroneg. = 1.5 --- Density = 4.5 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1933 - Boil = 3560 <br> Shiny, dark-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 10, 2 |
Vanadium | V # 23 --- Mass = 50.94 <br> Electroneg. = 1.6 --- Density = 5.96 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2163 - Boil = 3653 <br> Silvery-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 11, 2 |
Chromium | Cr # 24 --- Mass = 52 <br> Electroneg. = 1.6 --- Density = 7.2 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2130 - Boil = 2943 <br> Very hard, blue-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 13, 1 |
Manganese | Mn # 25 --- Mass = 54.94 <br> Electroneg. = 1.5 --- Density = 7.2 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1517 - Boil = 2235 <br> Hard, brittle, grey-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 13, 2 |
Iron | Fe # 26 --- Mass = 55.85 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 7.86 <br> Valency = 3 (2) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1808 - Boil = 3023 <br> Silvery, magnetic metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 14, 2 |
Cobalt | Co # 27 --- Mass = 58.93 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 8.9 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1768 - Boil = 3143 <br> Bluish-grey, magnetic metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 15, 2 |
Nickel | Ni # 28 --- Mass = 58.71 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 8.9 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = 0.16 <br> Melt = 1728 - Boil = 3003 <br> Hard, silvery-white, magnetic metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 16, 2 |
Copper | Cu # 29 --- Mass = 63.55 <br> Electroneg. = 1.9 --- Density = 8.92 <br> Valency = 2 (1) --- Radius = 0.14 <br> Melt = 1356 - Boil = 2840 <br> Reddish-brown, relatively unreactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 1 |
Zinc | Zn # 30 --- Mass = 65.38 <br> Electroneg. = 1.6 --- Density = 7.14 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = 0.14 <br> Melt = 693 - Boil = 1180 <br> Bluish-silver metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 2 |
Gallium | Ga # 31 --- Mass = 69.74 <br> Electroneg. = 1.6 --- Density = 5.9 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = 0.19 <br> Melt = 303 - Boil = 2676 <br> Soft, blue-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 3 |
Germanium | Ge # 32 --- Mass = 72.59 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 5.35 <br> Valency = 4 (2) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1210 - Boil = 3103 <br> Greyish-white, brittle semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 4 |
Arsenic (grey) | As # 33 --- Mass = 74.92 <br> Electroneg. = 2 --- Density = 5.73 <br> Valency = 3 (5) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 889 - Boil = 889 <br> Steel-grey, brittle semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 5 |
Selenium | Se # 34 --- Mass = 78.96 <br> Electroneg. = 2.4 --- Density = 4.81 <br> Valency = 2 (4) --- Radius = 0.19 <br> Melt = 490 - Boil = 958 <br> Soft grey semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 6 |
Bromine | Br # 35 --- Mass = 79.91 <br> Electroneg. = 2.8 --- Density = 3.12 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.19 <br> Melt = 266 - Boil = 332 <br> Reddish-brown reactive liquid, bleachy smell <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 7 |
Krypton | Kr # 36 --- Mass = 83.8 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.00346 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = 0.2 <br> Melt = 116 - Boil = 121 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 8 |
Rubidium | Rb # 37 --- Mass = 85.47 <br> Electroneg. = 0.8 --- Density = 1.53 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 312 - Boil = 959 <br> Soft, silvery-white, violently reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 |
Strontium | Sr # 38 --- Mass = 87.62 <br> Electroneg. = 1 --- Density = 2.6 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1042 - Boil = 1657 <br> Soft, silvery, highly reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 |
Yttrium | Y # 39 --- Mass = 88.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 4.47 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1795 - Boil = 3611 <br> Silvery, fairly reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 |
Zirconium | Zr # 40 --- Mass = 91.22 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 6.49 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2125 - Boil = 4650 <br> Grey-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 |
Niobium | Nb # 41 --- Mass = 92.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 8.57 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2740 - Boil = 5015 <br> Shiny, white, soft metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
Molybdenum | Mo # 42 --- Mass = 95.94 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 10.2 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2883 - Boil = 5833 <br> Hard, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 |
Technetium | Tc # 43 --- Mass = 98.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 11.5 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2445 - Boil = 5150 <br> Silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 14, 1 |
Ruthenium | Ru # 44 --- Mass = 101.07 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 12.3 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2583 - Boil = 4173 <br> Brittle, unreactive, silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
Rhodium | Rh # 45 --- Mass = 102.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 12.4 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2239 - Boil = 4000 <br> Hard, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 |
Palladium | Pd # 46 --- Mass = 106.4 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 12.02 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1827 - Boil = 3243 <br> Soft, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18 |
Silver | Ag # 47 --- Mass = 107.87 <br> Electroneg. = 1.9 --- Density = 10.5 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.16 <br> Melt = 1235 - Boil = 2485 <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 |
Cadmium | Cd # 48 --- Mass = 112.41 <br> Electroneg. = 1.7 --- Density = 8.64 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = 0.17 <br> Melt = 594 - Boil = 1038 <br> Soft, blue-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 |
Indium | In # 49 --- Mass = 114.82 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 7.3 <br> Valency = 3 (1) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 429 - Boil = 2353 <br> Soft, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 |
Tin (white) | Sn # 50 --- Mass = 118.69 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 7.28 <br> Valency = 4 (2) --- Radius = 0.19 <br> Melt = 505 - Boil = 2543 <br> Soft, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 |
Antimony | Sb # 51 --- Mass = 121.75 <br> Electroneg. = 1.9 --- Density = 6.68 <br> Valency = 3 (5) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 904 - Boil = 2023 <br> Hard, brittle, silver-white semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 |
Tellurium | Te # 52 --- Mass = 127.6 <br> Electroneg. = 2.1 --- Density = 6 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = 0.21 <br> Melt = 723 - Boil = 1263 <br> Brittle, silver-white, semi-metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 |
Iodine | I # 53 --- Mass = 126.9 <br> Electroneg. = 2.5 --- Density = 4.93 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = 0.195 <br> Melt = 387 - Boil = 457 <br> Shiny, black, non-metallic solid with bleachy smell <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 |
Xenon | Xe # 54 --- Mass = 131.3 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.00546 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = 0.22 <br> Melt = 161 - Boil = 166 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 |
Caesium | Cs # 55 --- Mass = 132.91 <br> Electroneg. = 0.7 --- Density = 1.88 <br> Valency = 1 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 302 - Boil = 942 <br> Soft, shiny, gold-coloured, violently reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 |
Barium | Ba # 56 --- Mass = 137.33 <br> Electroneg. = 0.9 --- Density = 3.51 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 998 - Boil = 1913 <br> Iron-grey, extremely reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 |
Lanthanum | La # 57 --- Mass = 138.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 6.14 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1194 - Boil = 3730 <br> Soft, silver-white, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 |
Cerium | Ce # 58 --- Mass = 140.12 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Iron-grey, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 20, 8, 2 |
Praseodymium | Pr # 59 --- Mass = 140.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white, fairly soft, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 |
Neodymium | Nd # 60 --- Mass = 144.24 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white, reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 |
Promethium | Pm # 61 --- Mass = 144.91 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silvery, fairly reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 |
Samarium | Sm # 62 --- Mass = 150.35 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 |
Europium | Eu # 63 --- Mass = 151.96 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silvery-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 |
Gadolinium | Gd # 64 --- Mass = 157.25 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silvery-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 |
Terbium | Tb # 65 --- Mass = 158.93 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 |
Dysprosium | Dy # 66 --- Mass = 162.5 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 |
Holmium | Ho # 67 --- Mass = 164.93 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Fairly soft, silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 |
Erbium | Er # 68 --- Mass = 167.26 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 |
Thulium | Tm # 69 --- Mass = 168.93 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Soft, silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 |
Ytterbium | Yb # 70 --- Mass = 173.04 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 |
Lutetium | Lu # 71 --- Mass = 174.97 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white, hard, dense metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 |
Hafnium | Hf # 72 --- Mass = 178.49 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 13.31 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2500 - Boil = 4875 <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 |
Tantalum | Ta # 73 --- Mass = 180.95 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 16.6 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 3269 - Boil = 5700 <br> Grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 |
Tungsten | W # 74 --- Mass = 183.85 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 19.35 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 3683 - Boil = 5933 <br> Hard, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 |
Rhenium | Re # 75 --- Mass = 186.21 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 20.53 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 3453 - Boil = 5900 <br> Hard, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 |
Osmium | Os # 76 --- Mass = 190.2 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 22.48 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2973 - Boil = 5570 <br> Hard, unreactive, blue-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 |
Iridium | Ir # 77 --- Mass = 192.22 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 22.42 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2683 - Boil = 4403 <br> Extremely hard, unreactive, silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 |
Platinum | Pt # 78 --- Mass = 195.09 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 21.45 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2045 - Boil = 4100 <br> Silver-white, unreactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 |
Gold | Au # 79 --- Mass = 196.97 <br> Electroneg. = 2.4 --- Density = 18.88 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = 0.175 <br> Melt = 1337 - Boil = 3353 <br> Soft, unreactive, bright yellow metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
Mercury | Hg # 80 --- Mass = 200.59 <br> Electroneg. = 1.9 --- Density = 13.59 <br> Valency = variable --- Radius = 0.17 <br> Melt = 234 - Boil = 630 <br> Dense, silver-white, unreactive liquid metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 |
Thallium | Tl # 81 --- Mass = 204.37 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 11.85 <br> Valency = 3 (1) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 577 - Boil = 1730 <br> Soft, grey, fairly reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 |
Lead | Pb # 82 --- Mass = 207.19 <br> Electroneg. = 1.8 --- Density = 11.34 <br> Valency = 2 (4) --- Radius = 0.2 <br> Melt = 601 - Boil = 2013 <br> Soft, pale-grey, shiny metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 |
Bismuth | Bi # 83 --- Mass = 208.98 <br> Electroneg. = 1.9 --- Density = 9.8 <br> Valency = 3 (5) --- Radius = 0.2 <br> Melt = 544 - Boil = 1833 <br> Hard, brittle, whitish metal with a reddish tint <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 |
Polonium | Po # 84 --- Mass = 210 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 9.4 <br> Valency = 2 (4) --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 527 - Boil = 1235 <br> Silver-grey metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 |
Astatine | At # 85 --- Mass = 209.99 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 575 - Boil = 610 <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 |
Radon | Rn # 86 --- Mass = 222.02 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 0.00925 <br> Valency = 0 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 202 - Boil = 211 <br> Colourless, odourless, unreactive gas <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 |
Francium | Fr # 87 --- Mass = 223.02 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 300 - Boil = 950 <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 |
Radium | Ra # 88 --- Mass = 226.03 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 5 <br> Valency = 2 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 973 - Boil = - <br> Silver-white, dense, extremely reactive metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 |
Actinium | Ac # 89 --- Mass = 227.03 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 10.07 <br> Valency = 3 --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1323 - Boil = 3473 <br> Soft, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2 |
Thorium | Th # 90 --- Mass = 232.04 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 11.7 <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 2023 - Boil = 5060 <br> Soft, silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 |
Protactinium | Pa # 91 --- Mass = 231.04 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 15.37 <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = 4300 <br> Silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 |
Uranium | U # 92 --- Mass = 238.03 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 19.05 <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 1405 - Boil = 4091 <br> Dense, silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2 |
Neptunium | Np # 93 --- Mass = 239.05 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2 |
Plutonium | Pu # 94 --- Mass = 239.05 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = 19.84 <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = 914 - Boil = 3505 <br> Silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 |
Americium | Am # 95 --- Mass = 243.06 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silver-white metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2 |
Curium | Cm # 96 --- Mass = 247.07 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2 |
Berkelium | Bk # 97 --- Mass = 247.07 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2 |
Californium | Cf # 98 --- Mass = 252.08 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2 |
Einsteinium | Es # 99 --- Mass = 254.09 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Silvery metal <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2 |
Fermium | Fm # 100 --- Mass = 253.09 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2 |
Mendelevium | Md # 101 --- Mass = 257.1 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2 |
Nobelium | No # 102 --- Mass = 255.09 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2 |
Lawrencium | Lr # 103 --- Mass = 257 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 9, 2 |
Rutherfordium | Rf # 104 --- Mass = 260 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 |
Dubnium | Db # 105 --- Mass = 262.11 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2 |
Seaborgium | Sg # 106 --- Mass = 266.12 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = - |
Bohrium | Bh # 107 --- Mass = 264.12 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = - |
Hassium | Hs # 108 --- Mass = 269.13 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = - |
Meitnerium | Mt # 109 --- Mass = 268.13 <br> Electroneg. = - --- Density = - <br> Valency = - --- Radius = - <br> Melt = - - Boil = - <br> Not available in visible quantities <br> Valence = - |