| Question | Answer |
| Heterogeneous mixture | does not have a uniform composition throughout the sample. |
| Homogeneous mixture | has a uniform composition throughout the sample. |
| solution | is a homogeneous mixture that contains small particles. Liquid solutions are transparent |
| colloid | is a homogeneous mixture with larger particles, often having an opaque appearance. |
| solute | is the substance present in a lesser amount |
| solvent | is the substance present in a larger amount |
| Aqueous solution | has water as the solvent |
| electrolyte | a substance that conducts an electric current in water. |
| non-electrolyte | a substance that does not conduct an electric current in water. |
| 3 types of solutions | a solution of gases, a solid in liquid and a liquid in a solid. |
| Solubility | is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent. |
| Saturated solution | contains the maximum number of grams of solute that can dissolve. |
| Unsaturated solution | contains less than the maximum number of grams of solute that can dissolve. |
| exothermic | when solvation releases more energy than that required to separate particles |
| endothermic | when the separation of particles requires more energy than is release during solvation. |
| Rule 1 | A compound is soluble if
- Group 1A cations: Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+
- Ammonium NH4+ |
| Rule 2 | A compound is soluble if
- Halide: Cl-, Br-, I-, except for salts with Ag+, Hg2+2, and Pb2+
- Nitrate, NO3-
- Acetate, CH3CO2-
- Sulfate, SO4-2, except for salts with Ba2+, Hg2+2 and Pb2+ |
