Term | Definition |
Periodic Law | States that the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their properties |
Group | A vertical column of element in the periodic table arranged in order of increasing atomic number; also called a family |
Period | A horizontal row of elements in the modern periodic table |
Representative Element | Elements from groups 1, 2, and 13-18 in the modern periodic table, possessing a wide range of chemical and physical properties |
Transition Element | Elements in groups 3-12 of the modern periodic table and are further divided into transition metals and inner transition |
Metal | An element that is solid at room temperature, a good conductor of heat nad electricity, and generally is shiny; most metals are ductile and malleable |
Alkaline Earth Metal | Group 2 elements in the modern periodic table and are highly reactive |
Transition Metal | Elements in groups 3-12 that is contained in the 9-block of the periodic table and, with some exceptions, is characterized by a filled outermost s orbital of energy level n, and filled or partially filled d orbitals of energy level n-1 |
Inner Transition Metal | A type of group B element that is contained in the f-block of the periodic table and is characterized by a filled outermost orbital, and filled or partially filled 4f and 5f orbitals |
Lanthanide Series | In the periodic table, the f-block elements from period 6 hat follow the element lanthanum |
Actinide Series | In the periodic table, the f-block elements from period 7 that follow the element actinium |
Nonmetal | Elements that are generally gases or dull, brittle solids that are poor conductors of heat and electricity |
Halogen | A highly reactive group 17 element |
Noble Gas | An extremely unreactive group 18 elecment |
Metalloid | An element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals |
Valance Electron | electron in an atom's outermost orbitals; determines the chemical properties of an atom |
Principle Energy Level | the major energy level of an atom |
Ion | An atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge |
Ionization Energy | The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom; generally increases in moving from left-to-right across a period and decreases in moving down a group |
Octet Rule | States that atoms lose, gain, or share electrons in order to acquire the stable electron configuration of a noble gas |
Electronegativity | Indicates the relative ability of an element's atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond |
Atomic Number | the number of protons in an atom |