Question | Answer |
When an s electron is promoted to an empty p orbital forming new equivalent orbitals.? | Orbital hybridization |
Orbital hybridization is used to? | create equal bonding sites that require all equal amounts of energy. |
Creates 2 bonding sites? | SP hybridized |
creates 3 bonding sites? | sp^2 hybridized |
creates 4 bonding sites? | SP^3 Hybridized |
Vespr theory stands for? | Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory |
what does the vespr theory state? | it states the 3-d shape of the bonds and atoms in a molecule. based on the fact that negative charges repel one another. |
The repulsion of the negative regions of a molecule create? | specific 3-d shapes |
negative regions : | Lone pair of electrons, a simple, double, or triple bond. |
Lone pairs and bonds will move as far a part as possible? true or false? | True!!!! :) |
Practice your Lewis structures,Kyle! | No you robot! you don't control me!... |
Are sigma bonds stronger than pie bonds? | yes |
disadvantages of lewis structures? | they do not show 3-d shape |
Valence Bond theory? | Covalent bonds are formed when different atoms overlap. |
Sigma bond? | Bond formed by orbitals that overlap directly between the nuclei of the atom |
Pi bond? | Bond formed by orbitals that overlap above and below the nuclei of 2 atoms |
single bond =? | one sigma bond |
double bond? | one sigma and one pie bond. |
triple bond? | one sigma and 2 pie bonds. |
What bond is the strongest? | triple bond |
instead of oscillating between 2 possible bond configurations, the bonds take on an intermediate character. | Resonance |
Octet exception 1. | molecules with an odd number of valence electrons. |
octet exception 2. | some elements are content with fewer than 4 pairs of electrons ex. boron likes 6 |
octet exception 3. | more than 8 valence electrons can be shared with a central atom. |
Molecular orbital theory? | orbitals are replaced by totally new orbitals when molecules are formed. |
what are anti bonding orbitals? | they consist of electrons that interfere with each other and they require more energy then atomic orbitals. |
A central atom surrounded by 4 electron regions? (shape)? | Tetrahedral |
A central atom surrounded by 3 electron regions? | Trigonal Planar |
A central atom surrounded by 2 electron regions? | Linear |
a central atom surrounded by 3 bonds and a lone pair of electrons? | Pyramidal |
A central atom surrounded by 2 bonds and 1 or 2 pairs of electrons? | Bent |
Do bonds in diatomic molecules have polarity? | No! |
Bonds where electrons are not shared equally are called? | Polar covalent bonds |
Review : Bonds between elements are partially? | ionic and covalent |
Partial charges are shown with what symbol? | lower case delta |
In general symmetric molecules are non-polar while asymmetrical molecules are polar? | true! |
Bent and pyramidal always produce polar molecules when they contain polar bonds? | yes. |
Tetrahedral,Trigonal planar,and linear are ----?. If their outer atoms are different they are ----?? | non-polar;polar |
The size and direction of a molecules total polarity? | Dipole moment |