| Term | Definition |
| Amino Acids | Dehydration + peptide bond
Building blocks of proteins |
| Enzymes | Slow down reaction |
| Saturated fats | Unhealthy fats
All carbons are bonded
Solid @ room temp |
| Unsaturated fat | A healthier fat
Carbons can be double bonded
Liquid at room temp |
| Hydrogenated | Hydrogen is added, double bonds are broke, more saturated |
| Amino acid side groups | Amino and carboxyl |
| Denaturing of proteins | Temp, pH (acid, base), detergent, salt, mechanically |
| Isomers | Same chemical compound, but arranges differently |
| Amino group | Hydrogen branches off to the side |
| Carboxyl | Double bonded oxygen |
| Monosaccharides | Used for energy
form rings in H20
CnH2nOn
Are often isomers
Monomers for the polymer (starch + cellulose) |
| Sugar alcohol | lacks an aldehyde or ketone |
| Sugar acid | The aldehyde @ C1 or OH @ C6 is oxidized for a caroboxylic acid |
| Disaccharides | 2 (monomer) monosaccharide units attached by dehydration |
| Sucrose | Glucose + fructose, dehydration |
| Polysaccharides | Long term energy storage |
| Sodium alginate | Na +1 is replaced by Ca 2+ and causes chains to link together. Broken apart by sodium solution |
| Lipids | Used for efficient energy storage, a structural component of cell membranes as chemical messenger and as fat-soluble vitamin with a variety of functions |
| Solute | Dissolved material |
| Solvent | Dissolving medium |
| Acid | Denotes a proton
Produce hydrogen ions in solution
lower pH |
| Base | Accepts a proton
Produce hydroxide ions in solution
Higher pH |
| Properties of acid | taste sour, conduct electricity, change color of indicator, neutralized by bases |
| Properties of bases | Taste bitter, conduct electricity, change colors of indicators, feel slippery, neutralized by acids. |
| Concentration | grams of solute/ mL of solution x 100 |
| Calculating molarity | grams of substance/formula gram weight |
| Concentration and volume | C1V1=C2V2
C1V1/V2 = C2 |
| Emulsions | Not mixable |
| Carbs | Carbon + H20 |
| Aldehyden | Oxygen at end |
| Ketone | Oxygen in middle |
| D and L glucose | Mirror images
D has OH
L has HO |
| Aspartame | 2 amino acids - phenylamine and aspartic acid |