Term | Definition |
stoichiometry | involves calculations based on chemical formulas and chemical equations |
Law of conservation of mass | is central to stoichiometry |
atoms | atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Atoms are simply rearranged to yield new substances |
balancing chemical reactions | formulas of reactants and products can't be changed |
chemical equations | balanced chemical reactions |
physical state | (g) gas (l) liquid (s) solid (aq) aqueous(water) solution |
combustion reactions | involve O2 as a reactant, typically form CO2 and H2O as products |
relative atomic mass scale | developed in a similar manner for all elements |
O-16 atom mass | 2.6560 * 10> -23 g |
atomic mass unit (amu) | the mass of one C-12 atom is assigned a value of 12 atomic mass units (amu), exactly |
Avogadro's number | 6.02*10>23 |
molar mass | sum of the atomic mass of all atoms of the molecular formula of a molecular substance |
percent composition of elements by mass | divide the mass of each element in one mole of the compound by the molar mass of the compound, then multiply by 100 to get a percent |
solution | -homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
- composed of a solvent with solutes dissolved |
solvent | substance that solutes are dissolved in |
solute | substances dissolved in the solvent to give a solution |
solutes | can be a gas, liquid, or solid |
concentration | amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent or solution |
concentrate solution | large amount of solute |
dilute solution | only a small amount of solute |
quantitative description | exact measurement of amount of the amount of solute in a given quantity of solvent or solution |