theory | content |
Daltons atomic theory | all matter is made up of atoms, atoms can neither be created nor destroyed, atoms of a particular element are alike, atoms of different elements are different, a chem. change involves the union or separation of individual atoms. |
law of conservation of matter | when a chemical reaciton takes place, matter is neither created or destroyed |
law of constant composition | chemical compounds percent by mass must add up to be 100% total mass |
electron | e- charged Thomson 1897 |
neutron | n+ charged chadwick 1932 |
proton | p+charged Thomson and Goldstein 1907 |
mass # | #p +#n |
atomic # | #p |
law of mendeleev | chem. and phys. properties repeat themselves when elements are in increasing atomic mass |
law of octaves | every 8 elements the chem.& phys. properties repeat themselves |
size of elements to right | smaller |
size of elements down | larger |
cation | positive charged |
anion | negative charge |
ionization energy | energy used to remove an electron |
distance from neucleus | closer stronger charge |
metals | lose electrons (cation) |
non metals | gain electrons (anion) |
ionization energy | energy used to remove and electron |
energy of electromagnetic radiation | e=hc/y |
e | energy of elecromagnatic radiation |
h | j's |
c | speed of light |
y | wavelength of electromagnetic radiation |
quantized energy | energy occurs in discreet amount |
maximum electron capacities in shells | 2n^2 |
line spectra | electrons absorb energy from heat / light |
electrons on higher levels | loose energy (we see as color ) |
ground state | arrangement with lowest total energy |
exited state | one or more electron is in higher shell even though there is room in lower energy shell |
schrodinger heisenberg | the uncertainty priciple |
the uncertainty principle | impossible to know where an electron is or where it is going |
s orbital | spherical |
p orbital | dumbbell |
d orbital | looks like 4 leaf clover |