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cardiovascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pericardium | rough tough fibrous sac surrounded by the heart |
| where do the cornary arteris branch off from | the aorta |
| prevent backflow durring ventricular contraction | atrioventricular valves |
| what valves separate the right atruim from the right ventricle | tricuspid valve |
| what valve the left atrium from the left atrium | mitral valves |
| what valves separate the right ventricle from the pulmonary arteri | pulmonary valves |
| what valves prevent blood from flowing back into the left ventricle | aortic |
| what separates the right and left pump | interventricular pump |
| what are the signs of right sided heart failure | jvd, pitting edema |
| what are the signs of left sided failure | pulmonary edema,difficulty breathing, bubling crackles |
| what is the outer layer of arteries and vessels called and what does it do | tunica adventitia. provides strength |
| what is the middle layer of ateries and vessels | tunica media. strengh and contractility |
| what is the inner layer of the arteri vessel | tunica intima |
| what carries away 02 enriched blood from the heart | arteries |
| what is the pressure exerted against arterial walls | veins |
| what is the formula for cardiac output | co=sv x hr |
| what is preload | the pressure at which a ventricle fils |
| what is preload influenced by | the volumne of blood returned to the heart |
| inotropic | contractility |
| chronotropic | increased hert rate |
| dromotrpic | increased conduction |
| what is automaticity | the ability to create own electrical stimulation |
| what happens durring depolarization | cell receives signal sodium rushes in which causes the cell to become positive through channels |
| what happens durring repolarization | starts closing sodium and calcium channels and opens potassium channels so potasium can leave and the cells becomes negative again |
| what is refractory period | when the cell is depolarized or when the cell is repolarizing |
| absolute refractory | the heart has been drained of energy |
| what are the rates of the sa, and av and purkinje nodes | 60-100,40-60,20-40 |
| what is the lenght of a normal pr interval | .12-.20 |
| what chemical tells the sa node and the av node to slow down | acetocholine |
| what cause the release of acetocholine | the vegas nerve |
| what does atropine do | reverses the effect of acetocholine and speeds hr rate up |
| what does beta 1 do | increased hr force of contraction increased force of contraction increased conduction |
| what does alpha response do | vasoconstriction |
| what does beta 2 do | relation of the smooth muscels |
| what is puleless paradoxus | excessive drop in bp with breaths |
| how do u figure out pulse pressue | the difference between systolic and dystolic |
| what does ischemic mean | deprived of o2 |
| what does infarct mean | ischemic area dies |
| what is arteriosclerosis | is a decrease in elasticity of the arteris |
| what is phlebitis | sweeling and pain along the veins that can lead to the formation of blood clots |
| what is acute coranary syndrome | symptoms associated with myocardial ischemia |
| what are the symtoms of unstable angina | ischemic chest pain that does not get better with rest no st elevation and may not have been provoked indicates a great deal block |
| what is a stable angina | pain that goes away after a certain amount of time. pain that is brought on by some kind of exursion |
| what does angina indicate | choking of the chest |
| what is an ami | cardiac muscle deprived of o2 and dies |
| what is blood clot caled | thrombosis |
| what are the signs of an ami | diaphrisis,dysnpea,nausea vomitting, weakness palpitations anxiety |
| what are some indicatons of left sided heart failure | wheezes or crackles in the lungs |
| what are some indications of an ami | ashen skin, anxious, increased hr, increased or decressed bp |
| what are some indications of right sided heart failure | jvd pedal or sacral edema |
| what is fibrinolyic therably | attempt to dissolve clot |
| what is chf | heart unable to empty its chambers resulting in back up of systmic and pulmonary or both |
| what is left sided heart failure | the left side of the heart is no longer to keep up with the right side, pulmonary veins increase pressure and serum is forced from the capilaries to the aveoli and mixes with air to form pulmonary edema |
| what are the signs and syptoms of left sided heart failure | restlessness, slow and fast difficulty breathing,hypertension,tachycardia wheezes pink frothy sputom |
| what is a effective treatment for chf and pulmonary edema | cpap |
| what are the drugs used for chf pulmonary edema | nitro, morphine,lasix |
| what are common causes of right sided heart failure | left sided failure, copd |
| what is paracardial tamponade | excessive fluid in the paracardium comstricting the heart |
| what are the symtoms of paracardial tamponade | narrowing pulse pressure, decreased bp, increased hr,muffled heart tones, jvd |
| what is becks triad | narrowing pulse pressure,jvd, muffles tones |
| what is cardiogenic shock | when the heart is damaged and the heart is cannot pump blood to perfuse |
| what are the symtoms of cardiogenic shock | pale weak rapid shallow breath, thready pulse |
| what is an aortic anurism | a sac or bulge in the vessel |
| what are the symtoms of an aortic anurism | abrubt onset of pain, extreme pain from the beginning, no relief from start pain felt between the shoulders blades, difference in pressures between the arms |
| what are some indications of AAA | large palpable mas in abdoman sudden back pain |
| treatment for anurism | O2 iv morphine |
| what is the formula for mean arterial pressue | Diastolic bp + 1/3(systolic-diastolic) |
| bi polar leads are what kind of leads | limb leads |
| what are leads II,II,III,AVR AVL AVF | LIMB LEADS |
| what are the precodial leads | v1-v6 |
| how do u mix an epidrip | 1mg into a 250 cc bag |
Created by:
mxstar33