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Unit #4B Perception
Vocabulary Terms and Concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Audition | The sense or act of hearing |
| Frequency | The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time |
| Pitch | A tone's experienced highness or lowness, depends on frequency |
| Middle Ear | the chamber bewteen the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window |
| Cochlea | A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses |
| Inner ear | The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs |
| Place theory | In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated |
| Frequency theory | In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch. |
| Conduction hearing loss | Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea |
| Sensorineural hearing loss | Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness. |
| Cochlear implant | A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea |
| Kinesthesis | The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts |
| Vestibular sense | The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance |
| Gate-control theory | Spinal cord gas a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals/allows them to go to the brain. The "gate" is opened by activity of pain signals traveling up nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by info coming from brain. |
| Sensory interaction | The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste |
| Gestalt | an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. |
| Figure-ground | the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground) |
| Grouping | The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups. |
| Depth perception | The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance |
| Visual cliff | A lab device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals |
| Binocular cues | Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes. |
| Retinal disparity | A binocular cue for perceiving depth. By comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance--the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the subject. |
| Monocular cues | Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone. |
| Phi phenomenon | An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession |
| Perceptual constancy | Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, lightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change |
| Color constancy | Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. |
| Perceptual adaptation | In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. |
| Perceptual set | A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. |
| Extrasensory perception | the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition |
| Parapsychology | the study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis |
Created by:
AP Psychology 2011