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NAQT UGK 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| discrete values, Bohr model, energy levels, Max Planck, blackbodies, photons, Planck’s constant | Quantization |
| a simultaneous combination of two or more discrete states. Copenhagen interpretation, observed , measurement, superposition state collapses, Schrödinger’s cat, | Superposition |
| Diffraction pattern, Thomas Young’s double-slit experiment, Photoelectric effect, electrons, work function, Albert Einstein, Davisson-Germer Experiment, nickel crystal, Bragg's Law, de Broglie Wavelength. | Wave-particle duality |
| Momentum, position, energy and time, Fourier transform, coherent states, Heisenberg's microscope. | Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle |
| product of the standard deviation of position and momentum must be greater than Planck’s constant divided by 4 π. | Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle |
| intrinsic angular momentum, integer or half-integer values, fermions and bosons(integer spins), Stern–Gerlach experiment | Spin |
| potential energy barrier, exponentially decaying wavefunction, George Gamow, alpha particle, scanning tunneling microscopes, Coulomb barrier, Esaki diodes. | Quantum Tunneling |
| principle of locality, spooky action at a distance, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen , EPR Paradox, Bell's Theorem, hidden variables, Bell’s inequalities, quantum eraser experiment | Entanglement |
| Fermions, same quantum state, antisymmetric wave functions, spin-statistics theorem , Electron degeneracy pressure | Pauli Exclusion Principle |
| no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state at the same time. | Pauli Exclusion Principle |
| is a state of matter formed when a low-density gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero. | BEC |
| very high proportion, ground state, fifth state of matter, rubidium-87, 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics, Carl Wiemann and Eric Cornell, Ketterle, | BEC |
| psi, Copenhagen interpretation, probability amplitude, probability density, particle in a box, infinite square well, sine wave, energy level, collapse the wavefunction, normalization, atomic orbital | The wavefunction |
| observables, total energy, Hamiltonian, matrices, column vectors, eigenvalues | Operators |
| is a function that measures the degree to which the two operators | Commutator |
| commutative property, A B − B A, conserved quantity, Poisson bracket, | Commutator |
| partial differential equation,time-dependent , time-independent forms., Newton’s second law, Ehrenfest’s theorem,quantum harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom. perturbation theory, variational principle, WKB approximation | The Schrödinger equation |
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