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Genetics

Review of Module 7 key terms

TermDefinition
sex-linked traits characteristics that are determined by genes that are on the sex chromosomes
biological inheritance the passing of traits from the parents to their offspring
chromosome a structure found within the nucleus of a cell which holds the genetic information of that organism
mitosis a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells.
meiosis a process of cell division which reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gametes
asexual reproduction reproduction only using a single parent and the offspring is an exact copy of the parent
sexual reproduction when two parent organisms each contribute to make a new organism. Half of the traits come from each parent
genetics the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
genes the basic unit of heredity
punnett square a square diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring
asexual reproduction type of reproduction that only requires one parent. It does not require the fusion of gamete
sexual reproduction type of reproduction that involves the fusion of gametes
heredity the passing of physical or behavioral characteristics from parent to offspring
alleles one of two or more variations of a gene
traits a genetically determined characteristic
homozygous having two identical alleles of a particular gene
heterozygous having two different alleles of a particular gene
dominant trait a trait that will show if inherited, even with only one allele
recessive trait a trait that needs both alleles to be expressed
genotype the genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype the observable characteristics of the organism
pedigree a chart that shows the occurrence and appearance of a particular trait
generation a body of individuals living in the same time period from a particular family
predict how many offspring will have a particular trait over another
ratio a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one trait over another
Created by: MrCscience
 

 



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