Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cardiovascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the location of the heart? | Mediastinum |
| Makeup of the Mediastinum | thoracic cavity; between lungs, slightly left of midline |
| What are the landmarks of the heart? | Base and Apex |
| Makeup of the Base | flat superior |
| Makeup of the Apex | pointed inferior, pushes on the left heart |
| What is the structure of the heart? | Pericardium |
| Makeup of the Pericardium | protective covering Fibrous/Serous/Parietal layer/Visceral layer/Pericardial cavity |
| Makeup of Fibrous structure | tough outer lining of the pericardium |
| Makeup of the Serous structure | inner lining of the pericardium |
| Makeup of the Visceral layer | epicardium |
| Makeup of the pericardial cavity | serous fluid |
| What is part of the heart wall? | epicardium, myocardium, endocradium |
| Makeup of the Myocardium | thickest, "Myo" = muscles of the heart |
| Makeup of the Endocardium | internal chamber surface deepest to all the muscles/hollow cavity |
| What is the heart? | "hollow" muscular pump that has 4 chambers: 2 atria on top and 2 ventricles on bottom |
| Makeup of Arteries | carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and to the body contain smaller arterioles before reaching capillaries |
| Makeup of Veins | carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart from the body contain smaller venules before reaching capillaries |
| What type of circulation associates with veins? | Systemic to pulmonary |
| What type of circulation associates with arteries? | Pulmonary to systemic |
| What are Capillaries? | basic functional unit of the cardiovascular system process of gas exchange contains cellular nutrients and acts on waste exchange |
| Pathway of throughout Heart | Heart > Arteries > Arterioles > Capillaries > Venules > Veins > Heart |
| What are the chambers of the heart? | Atria and ventricles "inner rooms" and the interatrial and interventricular septum |
| Makeup of the Atria | upper chambers receive blood from superior/inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins |
| Makeup of the Ventricles | lower chambers pump blood to pulmonary trunk (arteries) and aorta |
| Function of the Right Heart | carries oxygen-rich blood |
| Function of the Left Heart | carries oxygen-rich blood |
| What are the valves of the Heart? | one way blood flow that open and close in response to pressure changes, atrioventricular valves |
| Where is the tricuspid valve? | right atrium |
| Where is the bicuspid/mitral valve? | left ventricle |
| Makeup of the semilunar valves | ventricles > arteries (pulmonary to aortic) |
| What are chordae tendineae? | elastic connections in the heart held together by papillary muscles |
| Location of Aortic semilunar valve | between left ventricle and arteries |
| Location Pulmonary semilunar valve | between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk |
| What does "pulmonary" refer to? | blood coming from the lungs to the body |
| What does "systemic" refer to? | blood coming from the body to the lungs |
| Function of the AV valve | passing blood from atrium to ventricles |
| Systemic circulation carries... | oxygen-poor blood through veins |
| Pulmonary circulation carries.. | oxygen-rich blood through arteries |
| 1st stop in systemic circulation | venae cavae |
| 2nd stop in systemic circulation | right atrium |
| 3rd stop in systemic circulation | right AV tricuspid valve |
| 4th stop in systemic circulation | right ventricle |
| 5th stop in systemic circulation | pulmonary semilunar valve |
| 6th stop in systemic circulation | pulmonary trunk |
| 7th stop in systemic circulation | pulmonary arteries then to the lungs |
| 1st stop in pulmonary circulation | pulmonary veins |
| 2nd stop in pulmonary circulation | Left atrium |
| 3rd stop in pulmonary circulation | Left AV bicuspid/mitral valve |
| 4th stop in pulmonary circulation | left ventricle |
| 5th stop in pulmonary circulation | Aortic semilunar valve |
| 6th step in pulmonary circulation | Aorta and then to the body |
| Basic pattern of blood flow | right side of the heart Lungs Left side of the heart Systemic cells |
| Makeup of the bicuspid/mitral valve | 2 papillary muscles on the left side |
| Makeup of the tricuspid valve | 3 papillary muscles on the right side |
| Conducting system refers to... | muscle contractions |
| What is Autorhythmicity? | process of muscle contractions initiates own rhythmic impulses atria > ventricle |
| 1st pathway of the conducting system | Sinoatrial (SA) node |
| 2nd pathway of the conducting system | Atrioventricular (AV) node |
| 3rd pathway of the conducting system | Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle (Bundle of His) |
| 4th pathway of the conducting system | Right and Left bundle branches |
| 5th pathway of the conducting system | Purkinje fibers (conduction myofibers) |
| Makeup of the Blood vessel walls | Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica externa Lumen |
| Tunica intima | endothelium, thinnest layer |
| Tunica media | smooth muscle for vasoconstriction |
| Tunica externa | connective tissue, anchors vessels (thinner in vein than artery) |
| Tunica refers to.. | can change in diameter and length |
| Media refers to.. | smooth muscle surround lumen |
| "Vasoconstriction" refers to.. | decreasing size of blood vessels |
| Artery compared to vein... | has higher pressure when blood is flowing through |
| Vein compared to artery... | can hold more blood than an artery |
| Types of Arteries | Elastic, Muscular, Arterioles |
| Makeup of elastic arteries | largest surrounds aorta and pulmonary trunk come off of the heart as blood is leaving the heart |
| Makeup of muscular arteries | medium-sized (femoral/brachial) comes out of descending aorta, goes through systemic circulation |
| Makeup or arterioles | microscopic, regulate blood flow to tissue lead into capillary beds and determine where blood is flowing |
| Capillaries consist of.. | Tunica intima (1 layer) |
| Makeup of capillaries | microscopic, allows nutrient and waste exchange branch into beds to easily transfer fluid precapillary sphincters control distribution |
| Makeup of Veins | blood reservoirs, one-way valves made up of venules (smaller, from capillaries to veins) |
| Reservoir refers to... | where blood can occupy a lot of space |
| Sphincters | gateway to allow blood through the capillaries |
| Relaxed sphincters | blood flows through when capillary bed is perfused |
| Contracted sphincters | constricting blood flow, capillary bed is bypassed |
| Thoracic Arteries are made up of.... | Aortic arch ascending branches and the descending aorta entering the abdomen |
| Makeup of the Aortic arch ascending branches | Brachiocephalic trunk (right side only) R. common carotid R. subclavian L. common carotid L. subclavian |
| Head/Neck Arteries are made up of..... | Carotid Vertebral - brain Circle of Willis |
| Carotid | head and neck; measure pulse |
| Vertebral - brain | transverse foramina - foramen magnum of brain |
| Circle of Willis | equalizes blood pressure, circulate blood in brain |
| Head and Neck veins are made up of... | Sinuses |
| Sinuses are... | specialized venules where most cranial blood flows |
| Jugular sinuses | return blood to the heart |
| Difference in neck arteries and veins | there is no left brachiocephalic artery, but there is a left brachiocephalic vein |
| Makeup of Thoracic Veins | Superior vena cava Subclavian Brachiocephalic Inferior vena cava |
| Inferior Vena cava.... | goes through hole of diaphragm |
| Upper Limb arteries consist of.... | Subclavian Axillary Brachial Radial/ulnar |
| Subclavian artery | right from brachiocephalic trunk, left from aorta - becomes axillary |
| Axillary artery | shoulder and thoracic axillary region becomes brachial (medial arm) comes after subclavian arteries |
| Brachial artery | Humerus - branches at anterior elbow into radial/ulnar |
| Radial/ulnar artery | forearm and hand |
| Upper limb veins consist of.... | Radial Ulnar Cephalic Basilic Brachial Axillary |
| Abdominal arteries consist of.... | Inferior phrenic Celiac trunk branches: - Splenic - common hepatic - gastric Superior mesenteric Renal Gonadal Inferior mesenteric Abdominal aorta |
| Inferior phrenic artery | diaphragm |
| Gastric artery | stomach and esophageal |
| Splenic artery | spleen |
| Common hepatic artery | liver and gallbladder |
| Superior mesenteric artery | intestines and pancreas |
| Renal artery | kidneys |
| Gonadal artery | testes or ovaries |
| Inferior mesenteric artery | colon to rectum |
| Abdominal aorta | common iliac artery |
| Pelvic arteries consist of.... | Common iliac - external iliac and internal iliac |
| Internal iliac. artery | pelvis |
| External iliac artery | becomes femoral |
| Lower limb arteries consist of.... | Femoral Deep femoral popliteal anterior tibial posterior tibial fibular |
| Femoral artery | anterior thigh |
| Deep femoral artery | hip, posterior thigh |
| Popliteal artery | posterior knee |
| Anterior tibial artery | anterior lower leg |
| Posterior tibial artery | posterior lower leg |
| Fibular artery | posterior, lateral lower leg |
| Lower Limb veins consist of... | Great saphenous Small saphenous Anterior/posterior tibial popliteal femoral |
| Great saphenous vein | medial ankle to femoral |
| Small saphenous vein | lateral ankle to popliteal |
| Anterior/posterior tibial vein | merge to form popliteal |
| Popliteal vein | curves to anterior - femoral |
| Femoral vein | becomes external iliac |
| Pelvic veins consist of... | external iliac internal iliac common iliac |
| Abdominal veins consist of.... | Renal Hepatic Hepatic portal Gonadal Inferior phrenic |
| Hepatic portal vein | filtered blood from liver |
| Arteries from ascending aorta consist of... | left coronary and right coronary |
| Left coronary artery is located at | circumflex/anterior interventricular |
| Right coronary artery is located at | right marginal/posterior interventricular |
| Coronary veins consist of.. | great cardiac (anterior) middle cardiac (posterior) small cardiac (anterior) coronary sinus (posterior) |
| Coronary sinus (posterior) vein is located at | right atrium |
| Functions of the Lymphatic system | fluid from interstitial space to vascular system Immune response produces lymphocytes or antibodies to defend against antigens (bacteria, viruses, cancer cells) |
| Lymph means.... | unabsorbed excess fluid |
| Structures/Organs of the lymphatic system | Tonsils Lymph nodes thymus red bone marrow spleen |
| Tonsils.... | mainly in pharynx, trap antigens |
| Lymph nodes | along lymph vessel pathway filter antigens and initiate immune response |
| Thymus.... | superficial to heart produce T-lymphocytes (white blood cells, immune) |
| Red Bone Marrow | in spongy bone from blood cells (red, white, platelets) |
| Spleen | largest lymphatic organ control blood cell levels |
| Which type of leukocyte increases during allergic reactions and parasitic worm infections? | eosinophil |
| Which kind of cell forms platelets? | megakaryocyte |
| What is not a function of blood? | production of hormones |
| Oxygen attaches to which ion in hemoglobin? | iron |
| During the recycling of erythrocyte components, what happens to the components that are broken done from globin? | the globin components are used to synthesize new proteins to make new erythrocytes |
| What type of leukocyte produces antibodies in response to exposure to a pathogen? | B-lymphocyte |
| What is not a characteristic of a mature erythrocyte? | life span of about 12 months |
| Which structures allow muscle impulses to spread rapidly between cardiac muscle cells? | intercalated discs |
| Venous blood from the heart enters the right atrium through which vessel? | coronary sinus |
| How is blood prevented from flowing into the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk? | closing of the pulmonary semilunar valve |
| What is the correct circulatory sequence for blood to pass through part of the heart? | R. atrium - R AV valve - R ventricle - pulmonary semilunar vlave |
| The pericardial cavity is located between which two structures? | parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium |
| What does not occur when the ventricles contract? | closing of the semilunar valves |
| What is the thickest part of the heart wall? | myocardium |
| Some venous blood from the lower limb drains through what of the following vein? | great saphenous vein |
| Which type of vessel has a large number of smooth muscle cell layers in its tunica media as well as elastic tissue confined to an internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina? | muscular artery |
| What is the pathway that blood flows through the upper limb arteries? | subclavian - axillary - brachial - radial and ulnar |
| What vein does not typically drain directly into the inferior vena cava? | hepatic portal |
| What body region drains lymph into the thoracic duct? | right lower limb |
| What type of lymphoid cell is responsible for producing antibodies? | plasma cell |
| What is the function of the blood-thymus barrier? | it protects mature lymphocytes from antigens in the blood |
| Which type of lymphatic vessel consists solely of an endothelium and has one-way flaps that allow interstitial fluid to enter? | lymphatic capillary |
| What is true about lymph nodes? | lymph enters the lymph node through afferent lymphatic vessels |
| The primary lymph sacs form what structures? | lymph nodes |
| What change occurs to the adult lymphatic system as we get older? | helper T-lymphocytes do not respond as well to antigens |
| Which chamber of the heart pumps blood through the aorta into systemic circulation? | left ventricle |
| Blood passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve when moving from the right atrium to the right ventricle | False, it passes through the tricuspid valve |
| The brachiocephalic trunk passes blood toward the right arm. | True, there is only a brachiocephalic trunk on the right side, there are none of the left side |
| Blood in pulmonary veins is oxygen-poor. | True, arteries carry oxygen-rich blood |
| What is true regarding arteries and veins? | veins have thinner, more elastic walls veins have more connective tissue with collagen fibers |
| Upper Limb Arteries | carry oxygenated blood down to the forearm and to the fingers for exchange with the capillaries |
| Upper Limb Veins | take deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs |
| Cephalic and Basilic veins... | only veins that do not have corresponding arteries |
| Cephalic artery | superficial |
| Basilic artery | deep |
| Brachial becomes | Axillary |
| Axillary becomes | Subclavian |
| Subclavian vein | goes down into the heart and becomes the superior vena cava branching off of right atrium |
| Inferior Phrenic artery | comes of off aorta and supplies the diaphragm with blood |
| Gastric artery | carries food to the stomach |
| "Hepatic" refers to | liver |
| Renal arteries | 1 for both kidneys on the right and left side |
| Superior mesenteric | supplies the upper intestines |
| Inferior mesenteric | supplies the lower intestines |
| Common iliac artery | where their is a directional change of blood between the right and left lower limb arteries |
| Femoral artery | becomes popliteal at the posterior knee between the 2 condyles of the popliteal bone |
| Popliteal artery | branches off into anterior (tibial) and posterior/lateral (fibular_ arteries |
| Saphenous veins | return blood from the lower leg |
| Pelvic veins | coming up from the leg, internal iliac becomes common iliac vein |
| Upper leg to Pelvic | Femoral > internal iliac > external iliac > common iliac > inferopr vena cava |
| Where do pelvic veins meet? | at the inferior vena cava that goes up into the right atrium |
| Inferior phrenic vein | pushes blood back up into the heart |
| Multi-function of the Heart | it needs systemic circulation for the body to return blood and pulmonary circulation to send oxygenated blood to the upper and lower limbs |
| Ascending Aorta | branches into left and right coronary arteries |
| Right coronary | becomes marginal artery |
| Marginal | becomes posterior interventricular artery |
| Left coronary | becomes circumflex artery |
| Circumflex | becomes anterior interventricular artery |
| Coronary circulation | Arteries in the Ascending Aorta branching off into arteries on both the right and left side of the heart |
| Coronary veins | originate in the muscle tissue of the heart and connect with arteries at the capillary beds |
| Great cardiac vein | on the left heart becomes middle cardiac vein |
| Middle cardiac vein | becomes small cardiac vein on the right heart |
| Coronary sinus | branches off of the small cardiac vein on the right heart |
| Coronary arteries | return oxygenated blood to the heart and distribute it throughout the body |
| Coronary veins.... | take deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be exchanged for oxygenated blood |
| Where does coronary circulation take place? | only happens within the chambers of the heart and out to the heart tissues |
| Lymphatic system | filters fluid from the circulatory system into veins and arteries to prevent build up in the blood |
| What happens with lymph? | is circulated and stored throughout the lymph vessels to hold extra fluid removed from the blood |
| Tonsils .... | back of the throat where the nasal cavity becomes the oral cavity prevents antigens from reaching the digestive/respiratory systems |
| Lymph.... | filters the trapped antigens and create the necessary response |
| Thymus.... | produces the actual immune response (via T-lymphocytes) |
| Red bone Marrow..... | produced blood cells that are put into circulation through the lymphatic system and circulatory systems |
| Spleen...... | regulates levels of blood cells circulating throughout the body (mainly WBC) at any given time helps remove excess WBC in order to meet the demand of the immune response with overexerting the needed amount |
Created by:
ah8633s