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Surgical Technology
ortho definitions - 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alloys | metal that is composed of a mixture of pure metals |
| Aponeurosis | a tendinous sheet that seperates muscles or attaches a muscle to bone |
| Arthrodesis | surgical fusion of a joint |
| Bioactive Implant | an orthopedic implant that releases calcium to enhance healing |
| Biomechanics | the relationship between movement and biological or anatomical structures |
| Biocompatibility | a term that describes a material that is compatible with the tissue (causes no toxic or inflammatory effect) |
| Broaches | fin-shaped rasps used to enlarge the medullary canal for the insertion of an implant |
| Cannulated | a device having a hollow core;for example an instrument with a central channel that can be fitted over a guidewire or pin |
| Casting | a method of immobilizing a limb by the application of a rigid or semi-rigid material along the length of a limb. it can be fully or partially circumferential |
| Closed Reduction | alignment of bone fragments into anatomical position by manipulation or traction |
| Comminuted | a fracture in which there are multiple bone fragments |
| Compartment Syndrome | extreme tissue swelling within a closed compartment of the body or closed external device such as a cast. edematous tissue can exceed the capacity of the space it is held in causing sufficient pressure to cause tissue necrosis. |
| Compression | mechanical force in which a structure is compacted or pressed together. a compression injury (compression fracture) results when bone or other tissue is compacted. |
| Cruciate | cross shaped |
| Dislocation | displacement of a joint from its normal anatomical position |
| Distraction | a mechanical process in which a suture is elongated. it can be used to suspend a limb (stretch the soft tissue and bones) during surgery. an injury from this is caused by the pulling apart or stretching of tissue (the opposite of a compression injury) |
| Examination Under Anesthesia (EUA) | a fracture or dislocation may be fully assessed under general anesthesia |
| External Fixation | a method of maintaining bone fragments in anatomical position from outside of the body. an example would be a cast. |
| Internal Fixation | surgical repair of a fracture by implanting a device such as a rod, metal plate, or nail that holds the bone fragments in correct position during healing |
| Open Reduction | surgical access (through an incision)to bring bone fragments into anatomical position |
| Orthopedic System | a specific (usually patented) set of instruments and implants used for an orthopedic technique |
| Press-fit | to impact or press a joint implant into position. they do not require bone cement. |
| Ream | to enlarge a preexisting hole, depression, or channel, such as the medullary canal |
| Reduction | The process of manipulating bone fragments to restore anatomical position. |
| Replantation | surgical attachment of a limb after traumatic amputation |
| Tap | a spiral path drilled through the bone before inserting a scerw |
| Traction | a mechanical method of applying pulling force to a featured bone in order to bring the fragments into alignment. |
| Axial Skeleton | includes the skull, face, ear bones, hyoid, sternum, and ribs |
| Appendicular Skeleton | includes bones of the legs, feet, hands, trunk,clavicle, scapula, arms, hip bones, and spine |
| Pelvis | consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis |
| Patella | a sesamoid bone located between the femus and lower leg |
| Cortical Bone | 'compact bone'. found on the surface of bones and is organized in tubular units called osteons |
| cancellous Bone | 'spongy bone'. structure resembles a sponge and is filled in with red or yellow marrow. |
| Periosteum | tough bi-layered membrane that covers the bones |
| Endosteum | lines the inner channels of long bones and initiates bone growth and provides nutritional substances to bone |
| Interstitial spaces | spaces between cells |
| Diaphysis | the middle shaft of a long bone |
| Epiphysis | the ends of the long bone |
| Long Bones | include the bones of the legs, arms, and digits (fingers, toes) |
| Medullary Canal | the hollow cavity inside a mature long bone |
| Short Bones | bones of the wrist and ankle |
| Irregular Bones | include the vertebrae, spine, and face |
| Sesamoid Bones | irregularly shaped bones that occur singly such as the patella |
| Flat Bones | usually thin. examples are the ribs, cranial bones, scapula, and sternum. |
| Landmarks | areas of attachment for tendons and ligaments or provide a passageway for nerves and blood vessels. they appear as raised projections, bumps, ridges, channels, and tunnels. |
| Articular System | 'joints'. areas of the body where two bones meet and some degree of movement occurs |
| Synarthrosis | 'suture joint'. a joint with limited movement or fixed articular surfaces, such as between the skull bones |
| amphiarthrosis | 'cartilaginous joint'. a joint in which the bones are connected by cartilage and only slightly moveable. symphysis joints are included in this category (symphysis pubis) |
| Diarthrosis | 'synovial joint'. a joint that is freely moveable, such as the hip or shoulder |
| Joint Cavity | the space inside the joint capsule |
Created by:
lluckey3