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Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
Seismic Waves Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
Crust layer of rock that forms the outer skin of the earth.
Granite A usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust.
Mantle The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core.
Lithosphere A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
asthenosphere The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
Outer Core A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth.
Inner Core A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth.
Radiation The transfer of energy through space.
Convection The transfer of heat through the movement of fluid.
Conduction The transfer of heat within a material or between materials that are touching.
Convection Current The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.
Continental Drift The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface.
Pangaea The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents.
Mid-Ocean Ridge An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary.
Sonar A device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves.
Sea-Floor Spreading The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor.
Subduction The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.
Plate Tectonics The theory that pieces of Earths lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.
Faults A break in Earth’s crust where masses of rock slip past each other.
Divergent Boundary A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.
Convergent Boundary A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
Transform Boundary A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions.
P waves a compressional wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth in a side to side direction. first to arrive
S waves a shear wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth perpendicular ( up and down) to the direction the wave is moving. second to arrive most damage
Surface waves rolling seismic wave that is last to arrive during an earthquake.
Created by: MrCscience
 

 



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