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Chemistr Definitions
All the definitions from grade 9 chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| pure substance | matter that contains only one kind of particle |
| mixture | matter that contains more than one kind of particle |
| element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler parts by chemical methods |
| compound | a pure substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| physical property | a characteristic of a substance that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance |
| viscosity | the measure of a substance's ability to flow |
| melting point | the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid |
| boiling point | the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas |
| solubility | a measure of the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance |
| density | the ratio of the mass of a substance the volume it occupies |
| chemical property | the ability of a substance to change (react) and form a new substance |
| combustibility | the ability of a substance to burn in air |
| stability | the ability of a substance to remain uncharged |
| toxicity | the ability of a substance to cause harmful effects in plants and animals |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains the identity of the element. |
| electron | a negatively charged particle within the atom |
| subatomic particle | a particle that is smaller than the atom |
| nucleus | in chemistry, the positively charged centre of an atom. |
| proton | a positively charged particle that is part of every atomic nucleus |
| neutron | an uncharged particle that is part of almost every atomic nucleus |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| mass number | the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| isotope | one of two or more forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| atomic mass | the average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element |
| periodic table | a system for organizing the elements into columns and rows, so that elements with similar properties are in the same column |
| metal | typically, an element that is hard, shiny, malleable, and ductile, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity. |
| non-metal | typically, and element that is not shiny, malleable or ductile and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity |
| metalloid | an element that shares some properties with metals and some properties with non-metals |
| period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| group | a vertical column of elements in the periodic table |
| valence electron | an electron in the outermost occupied energy level of an atom. |
| ion | a positively or negatively charged atom or molecule |
| chemical bond | a chemical link between two atoms, which holds the atoms together |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond that forms between oppositely charged ions |
| ionic compound | a compound made of oppositely charged ions |
| molecular compound | a compound formed when atoms of two or more different elements share electrons |
| covalent bond | a chemical bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms |
| molecule | the smallest discrete particle of a pure substance, which has one or more shared pairs of electrons |
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