Medical Lang ch 6 &9 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
nephr/o, or ren/o | kidney(s) |
Kidneys are located on each side of the spinal column in the | flank or retroperitoneal region |
Kidneys are Bilateral organs responsible for | 1. removing NITROGENous (N) waste from the blood 2. Maintaining water balance |
Examples of Nitrogenous(N) waste include | 1. UREA 2. Uric acid 3. Creatinine |
Kidneys regulate water balance in the body by regulating the | salts |
The salts of the body are called | electrolytes ("lytes") |
Electrolytes ("lytes") include | 1. sodium (Na) 2. potassium (K) 3. chloride (Cl (lower case L) |
Remember -- where salt goes, water follows which means | if you retain salt, you will retain water |
Excess fluid can be referred to as | edema (edematous) |
nephron | a kidney cell |
nephritis | inflammation of a kidney |
nephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney |
nephromegaly | enlargement of a kidney |
nephroptosis | drooping or sagging (prolapse) of a kidney |
nephroma | tumor of mass of a kidney |
hydronephrosis | abnormal condition of excess water (fluid, urine) in a kidney (urine can't leave the body) |
nephrohypertrophy | excessive growth or development of a kidney |
nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of (a) kidney stone(s) |
another name for stone is a | calculus (singular) Calculi (plural) |
nephrogram | record (X-ray) of a kidney |
nephrography | process of recording (X-ray) a kidney |
nephrosonography | process of recording a kidney using sound waves |
nephrostomy | a new or artificial opening into a kidney |
nephropexy | surgical fixation of a kidney |
nephrotomography | process of recording X-ray Picture slices of a kidney |
nephroscopy | process of viewing a kidney |
renal | pertaining to a kidney |
renal biopsy (Bx) | cytology test of a kidney |
cytology | study of cells |
renogram | record of a kidney using injectable radioactive contrast material |
Radioactive Diagnostic Imaging (DI) is performed in | Nuclear Medicine |
renal transplant (transplantation) | surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace nonfunctioning kidneys |
ureter/o | ureter(s) |
The ureters are | bilateral tubes (vessels, ducts) that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder (two E's two tubes) |
ureteritis | inflammation of a ureter |
ureterostenosis | narrowing (stricture) of a ureter |
ureterotomy | surgical incision of a ureter |
ureterectomy | surgical removal (excision) of a ureter |
ureterolithiasis | abnormal condition of stone(s) in a ureter |
ureterocele | herniation of a ureter |
ureterogram | record (X-ray) of a ureter |
ureterostomy | a new or artificial opening into a ureter |
cyst/o or vesic/o | urinary bladder |
The urinary bladder is | an elastic sac that acts as a reservoir (storage container) for urine |
cystitis | inflammation of the urninary bladder |
cystolith(s) | stone(s) in the urinary bladder |
cystectomy | excision of the urinary bladder |
cystocele | herniation of the urinary bladder |
cystotomy or vesicotomy | surgical incision of the urinary bladder |
cystoureterogram | record (X-ray) of the urinary bladder and a ureter |
cystolithotomy | surgical incision of the urinary bladder to remove a stone(s) |
cystolithectomy | surgical removal of a stone(s) in the urinary bladder |
cystoplasty | surgical repair of the urinary bladder |
cystorrhaphy | suturing the urinary bladder |
cystostomy | a new or artificial opening into the urinary bladder |
stoma | new or artificial opening |
cystogram | record (X-ray) of the urinary bladder |
cystography | process of recording (X-ray) the urinary bladder (using contrast/radiopague |
cystoscope | a lighted instrument to view the urinary bladder |
cystoscopy | process of viewing the urinary bladder |
pyel/o | renal pelvis |
A renal pelvis is where | a ureter connects to a kidney |
IntraVenous Pyelogram (IVP) | a record of the renal pelves after injection of a dye within a vein causing the renal pelves (plural) to illuminate when exposed to X-rays |
pyelitis | inflammation of a renal pelvis (singular) |
pyelonephritis | inflammation of a renal pelvis and a kidney |
pyelolithotomy | surgical incision of a renal pelvis to remove a stone(s) |
pyelolithectomy | surgical removal of a stone in a renal pelvis |
pyeloplasty | surgical repair of a renal pelvis |
pyelostomy | a new or arificial opening into a renal pelvis |
cystopyelogram | a record (X-ray) of the urinary bladder and a renal pelvis |
cystopyelography | the process of recording (X-ray) of the urinary bladder and a renal pelvis |
urethr/o | urethra |
the female urethra is the | vessel (duct, tube) that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the urethral (urinary) meatus (os, orifice) (one E one Tube) |
urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urethra and urinary bladder |
urethropexy | surgical fixation of the urethra |
urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra |
urethrotomy | surgical incision of the urethra |
urethroscope | a lighted instrument to view the urethra |
urethrometer | an instrument used to measure the urethra |
urethrostomy | a new or artificial opening into the urethra |
cystourethrogram | a record (X-ray) of the urniary bladder and the urethra |
azot/o | nitrogen(N) |
azotemia (azotemic) | a blood condition of excessive nitrogenous(N) waste AKA uremia (uremic) |
urin/o or ur/o | urine |
urine | fluidic waste produced by the kidneys |
UrinAlysis (UA) | a chemical analysis of urine |
urologist | a specialist in the study of the urinary system and the male reproductive system |
urinal | a calibrated receptacle (container) for urine |
Calibrated (calibration) refers to a | method of measurement |
-uria | urine or urination |
nocturia | a condition of chronic (persistent) night urination |
noct- | night |
dysuria | a condition of painful or difficult urination |
anuria (anuric) | a condition of no urine production |
hematuria | a condition of blood in the urine |
bacteriuria | a condition of bacteria in the urine |
oliguria | a condition of scanty (deficient) urine |
pyuria | a condtion of pus in the urine |
Pus primarily consists of | necrosed leukocytes (WBCs) |
glycosuria | a condition of glucose (sugar) in the urine |
ketonuria | a condition of ketones (acetone) in the urine |
albuminuria or proteinuria | a condition of albumin (blood protein) in the urine |
urinate or urination | the act of discharging (releasing) urine AKA void(ing) or micturition (micturate) |
urinary frequency | the urge to void at frequent intervals |
urinary hesitancy | involuntary delay in initiating (starting) micturition |
urinary retention | accumulation of urine in the urinary bladder due to the inability to urinate |
urinary urgency | a sudden sensation to void immediately |
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) | crushing stone(s) using sound waves from the outside of the body |
diuresis (diuretic) | increased secretion of urine AKA polyuria (caffenine, alcohol are examples of diuretics) |
lithotrite | instrument used to crush a stone in the urinary bladder |
fulguration | destruction of tissue with an electric spark (cauterization) |
urinary catheter (cath) | flexible tube-like device for withdrawing and instilling fluids |
indwelling (retention) urinary catheter | a urinary catheter that remains within the patient |
Foley | a manufacturer of urinary catheters |
CBI | Continuous Bladder Irrigation |
The solution commonly used for Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) is | Normal Saline Solution (NSS) |
straight or non-retention catheter | a urinary catheter that is inserted to obtain a specimen or to empty the urinary bladder and then removed |
residual urine | urine that remains in the urinary bladder after voiding |
distended (distention) | stretched out |
enuresis | involuntary urination AKA urinary incontinence |
HemoDialysis (HD) | artificial removal of toxins (Nitrogenous (N) waste (poisons) from the blood |
Another type of dialysis is | Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) |
hypoKalemia | a blood condition of deficient potassium (K) |
hyperNAtremia | a blood condition of excessive sodium (Na) |
stricture | abnormal narrowing (stenosis) |
clean catch (midstream) urine sample | a technique used to obtain an uncontaminated urine sample |
BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen A blood test for kidney function |
KUB | a non-radiopaque X-ray of the Kidneys, Ureters, and urinary Bladder |
VCUG | Voiding CystoUrethroGram (VCUG) |
UTI | Urinary Tract Infection |
NaCl | sodium chloride (table salt) |
KCl | potassium(K) chloride(Cl) |
GU | GenitoUrinary |
pH | a measure of acidity or alkalinity |
gravid/o or cyes/o, or cyes/i | pregnancy or gestation |
Pregnancy or gestation is the | development of a fertilized ovum |
cyesis | pregnancy (gestation) |
cyesiology | the study of pregnancy (gestation) |
pseudocyesis | false pregnancy (gestation) |
pseudo/o | false |
salpingocyesis | pregnancy (gestation) occurring in a fallopian tube AKA tubal pregnancy |
amni/o, or amnion/o | amnion |
The amnion is the | membranous sac that surrounds the embryo/fetus |
amniocentesis | surgical puncture of the amnion |
An amniocentesis is usually performed | after 14 weeks of gestation |
Amniotic fluid will be aspirated and tested to detect | genetic anomalies (abnormalities) |
amnioscope | a usually lighted instrument used to view the amnion |
amnioscopy | process of using a usually lighted instrument to view the amnion |
amnionitis | inflammation of the amnion |
amniorrhea | flow (discharge) of amniotic fluid |
amniorrhexis | rupture of the amnion --- Layperson would say that their "water broke" |
amniotomy | surgical incision of the amnion --- layperson would say that the doctor "broke my water" |
An amniotomy is performed to | induce labor |
fet/o | fetus |
fetal | pertaining to a fetus |
fetogram | a record of a fetus AKA sonogram |
fetometry | the process of measuring a fetus |
nat/o | birth (parturition) |
natal | pertaining to birth (parturition) |
prenatal | pertaining to before birth (parturition) |
postnatal | pertaining to after birth (parturition) |
neonatal | pertaining to a New Born(NB) AKA neonate (1st four weeks) |
par/o, or part/o | birth |
para | number of births |
para III | three births |
primiparous | pertaining to the first birth |
multiparous (multip) | pertaining to more than one birth |
nulliparous | pertaining to no births |
parturition | birth |
antepartum | pertaining to before birth (parturition) |
intrapartum | pertaining to within (during)labor and birth (parturition) |
postpartum | pertaining to after birth (parturition) |
omphal/o (willy wonka) | umbilical cord (umbilicus) |
The umbilical cord connects the embryo/fetus to the | placenta |
The layperson calls the placenta the | afterbirth |
The placenta is the | connection between the embryonic/fetal blood and maternal (mother) blood |
omphalitis | inflammation of the umbilical cord |
omphalocele | congential herniation of the abdominal contents through the umbilicus |
congenital | acquired during pregnancy (gestation) |
lacto | milk |
lactic | pertaining to milk |
lactogenic | pertaining to the production of milk (lactation) |
lactorrhea | the flow (discharge) of milk (lactation) |
viable (viability) | the ability of a fetus to live outside of the uterus |
dystocia | a condition of difficult labor or delivery (parturition) |
embryotocia | delivery (parturition) of an embryo AKA "spontaneous abortion" or "miscarriage" |
abortion | termination of pregnancy (gestation) |
abruptio placentae (placental abruption) | permature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall |
placenta previa | abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall |
cleft lip (labia)and/or palate | congenital split of a lip (labia) and/or roof of the oral cavity (palate) |
A Cleft is a | fissure, crack, or groove |
palatoplasty | surgical repair of a palate |
labioplasty | surgical repair of a lip (labia) |
embryogenic | pertaining to the creation of an embryo |
embryoid | resembling an embryo |
embryologist | a specialist in the study of embryos |
gravida | number of pregnancies |
gravida III para II | three pregnancies and two births |
gravida II para III | two pregnancies and three births. gravida II para III indicates twins or triplets |
identical twins | one fertilized ovum splits and the genetic material (DNA) is shared |
fraternal twins | ovulation of two ova which are fertilized |
ovulation | expulsion of an ovum from an ovary |
primigravida | first pregnancy (gestation) |
multigravida | more than one pregnancy (gestation) |
nulligravida | no pregnancies |
gravidopuerperal | pertaining to pregnancy (gestation) and immediately after birth (parturition) |
effacement | shortening, thinning, and stretching of the vagina during labor |
ectopic pregnancy | pregnancy occuring outside of the uterus |
pelvimetry | the process of measuring the pelvis |
breech birth | parturition where the fetus is not in a head-down position |
lochia | vaginal discharge after birth (parturition) |
meconium (macaronium) | first stool(black) of the neonate |
OBstetrics (OB) | medical specialty dealing with gestation, childbrith, and puerperium |
puerperium | period of time covering 6 weeks after parturition (birth) |
infant | the offspring from the 5th week to 1 year |
permature infant | neonate before 37 weeks of gestation (pregnancy) |
isolette | a transparent container where premature neonates are placed to receive warmth and O2 AKA an incubator |
kernicterus | a yellowish, orangish, discoloration of the skin in a neonate AKA jaundice |
Apgar score | an evaluation of a neonate's extrauterine ability at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth and includes: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflexes and color |
C/S or C-section | Cesarean Section |
a C-section (C/S) is | delivery of the offspring through an abdominopelvic incision |
EDD | Estimated Date of Delivery AKA the "due date" |
RDS | Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
NICU | Neonatal Intensive Care Unit |
IVF | In Vitro Fertilization |
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) refers to | ova fertilized outside of the body and artificially inseminated |
CVS | Chorionic Villus Sampling |
CVS (chorionic villus sampling) is a | test to detect fetal genetic anomalies |
HCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a | hormone that can be found in the serum or urine of a pregnant woman |
EPT | Early Pregnancy Test (detects HCG) |
IUGR | IntraUterine Growth Rate |
R/O | Rule Out (vaginal bleeding R/O embryotocia) |
FEKG | Fetal ElectroCardioGram |
FHR | Fetal Heart Rate |
FHT | Fetal Heart Tone |
FEKG, FHR, and FHT all refer to | fetal monitoring |
Created by:
pattiluv
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