ChiroBoards2: Lig/NN Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Holds dens in fovea dentalis of atlas | Transverse Ligament |
C0 to body of C2, Cross-shaped | Cruciate Ligaments |
Sides of dens to occipital condyles | Alar ligament |
Alar Ligament: aka | check ligament |
Alar Ligament: its purpose is to limit... | rotation of C2 |
Apex of dens to anterior aspect of foramen | Apical Dental Ligament |
Apical Dental Ligament: its purpose it to limit... | flexion/extension of C2 |
ligaments connecting pia to dura along the spinal cord | Dentate Ligaments |
Dentate Ligaments: How many? | 21 pairs |
front of vertebral bodies from the sacrum to C2 | ALL |
Continuation of the ALL from ATLAS to OCCIPUT | Anterior atlanto-occipital lig. |
Anterior atlanto-occipital lig. limits.... | extension |
Runs posteriorly against the vertebral bodies | PLL |
PLL: wide and thin portions? | wider in cervicals; thinner in lumbars (thinnest at L5) |
PLL: limits... | flexion |
Continuation of the PLL from C2 to OCCIPUT | Tectorial membrane |
Tectorial membrane limits.... | flexion |
Makes up 25% of height of spine | IVD |
IVD is made of: | Fibrocartilage |
Lamina to Lamina | Ligamentum Flavum |
Ligamentum Flavum limits... | flexion |
Continuation of Ligamentum Flavum from C2 to C1 | Posterior Atlantoaxial ligament |
Continuation of Ligamentum Flavum from C1 to C0 | Posterior Atlantooccipital ligament |
Calcified Posterior Atlantooccipital ligament: aka | Arcuate Foramen |
Between articular processes | capsular ligament |
Between intertransverse processes | intertransverse ligament |
Between spinous processes | Interspinous ligaments |
From spinous to spinous | Supraspinous ligaments |
Continuation of the supraspinous ligament from C7 to OCCIPUT | Ligamentum Nuchae |
A alpha: Sensory fiber | Muscle spindle: joint position sense, vibration sense, 2 point descrimination |
A alpha: Type of nerve fiber | Muscle spindle detects stretch; 1a motor; |
A beta: type of sensory fiber | 1B Golgi Tendon Organ: senses tension and touch pressure receptor afferents |
A gamma | Muscle spindle efferent; gamma motor neuron |
A delta: Fiber type and type of sense | III ; Fast pain (pressure pain, ex. pinch) |
B fiber | Preganglionic autonomic efferent; white rami communicantes |
C fiber: Fiber type and type of sense | IV ; slow pain, temperature afferent; postganglionic autonomic efferent; gray rami communicantes |
Rubrospinal fxn | proximal muscle flexors of upper extremities |
Reticulospinal fxn | extensor mm. of back and arms (except any back muscles innervated by a plexus) |
Tectospinal fxn | neck muscles reflexive to light and sound |
Vestibulospinal fxn | Extensors of back and legs |
Corticospinal fxn | flexors of distal extremities |
Corticospinal: special type of large cells | Giant Cells of Betz |
Spinothalamic Lateral fxn | pain and temperature |
Spinothalamic Ventral fxn | crude touch and pressure |
Receptors of the Dorsal Columna (3) | Meissner's/Merkel's, Pacinian, Ruffini |
Dorsal Column fxn (4) | CONSCIOUS proprioception; vibration; joint position sense; 2 point discrimination |
Meissner's/Merkel's receptor | Touch |
Pacinian receptor | vibration |
Ruffini receptor | joint position sense |
Spinocerebellar | UNCONSCIOUS proprioception |
Muscle Spindle Cell: Type and Fxn | Type 1a fiber; picks up STRETCH |
Golgi Tendon Organ: Type and Fxn | Type 1b fiber; picks up TENSION |
Astrocytes store | glucose (also forms blood brain barrier) |
Microglia aka | Macrophages (in the brain) |
Ependymal cells line what structures? | ventricles and produce CSF |
Oligodendrocytes produce | myelin in the cns |
MS | demyelination of CNS |
Schwann cells | come from neural crest cells to produce myelin in the PNS |
Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses | From neural crest cells and allows for peristalsis |
Meissner's vs. Auerback's: histology | Meissner's = Mucosal ; Auerbach's = muscular |
Renshaw cells | from neural crest cells and inhibit alpha motor neuron (-) feedback |
4 parasympathetic CN's | CN III, VII, IX, X |
Meric (DumDum) Chart : T1-T4 | Heart and lungs |
Meric (DumDum) Chart: T5-T9 | Stomach (GERD) |
Meric (DumDum) Chart: T4 | Gallbladder |
Meric (DumDum) Chart: T6-T10 | Liver, Pancreas, GALLBLADDER |
Meric (DumDum) Chart: T10-T12 | Kidney (UTI) |
Meric (DumDum) Chart: L1-L2 | Ovary, Colon (sympathetically driven) |
Meric (DumDum) Chart: Sacrum | Colon, Uterus (parasympathetically driven) |
IVF Boundaries: anterior | bodies and IVD |
IVF Boundaries: superior and inferior | Pedicles |
IVF Boundaries: Posterior | facet joints |
Nerve root sheaths occupy___________% of the IVF | 35-50% |
50-65% of the IVF foramen contains the following: (6 structures) | Loose areolar tissue, adipose tissue, spinal artery, veins, lymphatics, an recurrent meningeal nerve. |
Compression of IVF : (4 affected structures) | Fat/V.A.N (Veins, arteries, nerves) |
Structure that is inside the IVF that is MOST sensitive to compression and MOST affected by subluxation. | Dorsal Root Ganglia |
Least to Greatest Pressure Changes in Disc: Based on body positioning | Recumbent-->Standing-->Sitting-->Sitting with forward lean--> Jumping |
Weakest part of the disc | posterolateral aspect (due to narrower PLL) |
Compressive load on disc causes fracture of this structure first | End plate (with no herniation) |
Nutrition to the disc by way of______________ | imbibition (motion) |
Ankylosis | pathological fusion of bones across a joint |
Allodynia | perception of pain from a normally non painful stimulus |
Axonotmesis | Type II nerve injury; disruption of axon with Wallerian degeneration, resulting in temporary paralysis and sensory changes. |
Hyperemia | presence of excess blood in the vessels supplying a particular region of the body |
Hysteresis | loss of energy during cyclic loading and unloading of viscoelastic substance, i.e. jumping |
Meniscoid | intra-articular synovial tabs |
Muscle spindle | receptor sensitive to stretch (length) of intrafusal fibers |
Neuropraxia: definition | Type I nerve injury; local nerve conduction block (nerve pressure or blunt trauma) with no physical disruption of axon |
Neuropraxia: results in | transient paralysis, slight sensory changes, and no reaction of degeneration. |
Neuropraxia: recovery time range | hours to days |
Axonotmesis: recovery time range | weeks to months |
Neurotmesis: definition | Type III nerve Injury; partial or complete severance of the nerve. Full reaction of degeneration with no recovery possible |
Sinu-vertebral nerve: aka | Recurrent meningeal nerve |
Sinu-vertrebral nerve: afferents supply | Free nerve endings connected to fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertebral joints, and IVD |
Sinu-vertebral nerve: goes to which ligaments and tissue? (3) | PLL; Ligamentum Flavum; and Anterior Dura (NOT THE ALL) |
Soma (somatic) refers to | refers to skin, bone, nerve, and muscle |
Vertebral arteries begin at what nerve root? | C6 |
Viscera refers to | autonomic organs, blood, and lymph |
Vitalism | The principle that maintains the laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the nature of life. |
Hilton's Law | Trunk of a nerve sends branches to a particular muscle; the joint moved by the muscle and skin overlying the muscle insertion. |
Hilton's Law: Patho application | Altered nerve activity to a muscle may be associated with altered nerve activity to the segmentally related spinal joints. |
Heuter Volkmann's Law | Increased epiphyseal pressure leads to decreased growth and vice versa. (Scheuermann's Dx**) |
Bell-Magendie | Anterior horn of the cord is motor while the posterior horn is sensory |
Created by:
bglasman
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